What is the history of Mir Masoom Shah Minaret?

The Mir Masoom Shah Minaret in Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan, is a Mughal-era structure built as both a minaret and watchtower. Construction started in 1595 AD under Mir Muhammad Masoom Shah Bakhri, a scholar, poet, historian, and governor appointed by Emperor Akbar. It was completed by his son, Mir Buzurg, in 1618 AD. The minaret served to monitor the Indus River and stands as a symbol of Sindh's heritage, with a Persian inscription crediting its builders. It is about 400 years old and remains a key landmark.

Who built Masoom Shah Jo Minaro in Sukkur?

The minaret was built by Mir Muhammad Masoom Shah Bakhri, a 16th-century Sindhi Muslim historian, scholar, poet, and governor under Mughal Emperor Akbar. He initiated construction in 1595 AD, and it was completed by his son, Mir Buzurg, in 1618 AD. Masoom Shah was born in Bukkur (old Sukkur) and is also known for authoring 'Tarikh-i-Masumi'.

What is the height of Mir Masoom Shah Minaret?

The minaret is approximately 100 feet (30 meters) tall, with a circumference of about 84 feet at the base. It has 84 steps leading to the top, offering panoramic views of Sukkur and the Indus River.

Is Mir Masoom Shah Minaret a watchtower or just a monument?

It serves as both a minaret and a watchtower. Built in the Mughal era, it was designed for surveillance of the Indus River, boat traffic, and defense, while also being a historical monument and memorial to Mir Masoom Shah. British records refer to it as the 'Tower of Refuge,' confirming its watchtower function.

When was Mir Masoom Shah Minaret constructed?

Construction began in 1593–1595 AD under Mir Masoom Shah and was completed in 1607–1618 AD by his son, Mir Buzurg. The Persian inscription dates it to the Mughal period during Emperor Akbar's reign.

What is the significance of Mir Masoom Shah in Sindh history?

Mir Masoom Shah Bakhri was a prominent 16th-century Sindhi scholar, poet, historian, physician, and governor under Mughal Emperor Akbar. He authored 'Tarikh-i-Masumi,' one of the earliest organized histories of Sindh. As governor of Sukkur and Bukkur, he contributed to regional administration and built the minaret as a landmark. His legacy preserves Sindh's cultural and historical identity during the Mughal era.

How to visit Masoom Shah Jo Minaro in 2025?

The minaret is located in central Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan, near the Indus River. Entry is free to the site, but a PKR 30 ticket allows access to climb the 84 steps. Best visited in winter (October–March) with family or friends for cooler weather. It's open daily; plan a sunset visit for breathtaking views. Reach via Lansdowne Bridge or Sukkur Barrage. For tours, check local guides or apps like TripAdvisor. In 2025, combine with nearby sites like Sukkur Barrage or Sadhu Belo.

What are the myths about Mir Masoom Shah Minaret origins?

A common myth is that it originated in the Samma dynasty (1351–1524 AD) as a watchtower, often misnamed 'Innocent Shah's Minaret.' However, no evidence supports this; historical texts like 'Tarikh-i-Masumi' and the minaret's inscription confirm Mughal origins (1595–1618 AD). Folklore may confuse it with other structures, but records tie it to Mir Masoom Shah during Akbar's reign.

What does William Edwards' 1846 depiction show about the minaret?

In his folio 'Sketches in Scinde' (1846), British Lieutenant William Edwards depicted the minaret as the 'Tower of Refuge' amid graves, tents, and an evening encampment near Sukkur. The hand-colored lithographs show it as a prominent landmark in a colonial landscape, emphasizing its height and surroundings, without linking it to pre-Mughal origins.

What are modern aerial views of Sukkur cityscape from the minaret?

Modern aerial views (2025) from the minaret show a bustling Sukkur cityscape with the Indus River, Bukkur Island, Lansdowne Bridge, Sukkur Barrage, and urban development blending history and modernity. From the top, you see panoramic sights of residential areas, bridges, and greenery, ideal for drone photography. Images capture the 100-ft tower overlooking the river valley and city skyline.

The Top 5 Historic Sites in Rohri You Can’t Miss!: November 2025

Monday, 24 November 2025

Unveiling the Mysteries of Mir Masoom Shah Minaret: A Timeless Beacon of Sindh's Heritage

Close-up of Mir Masoom Shah Minaret in Sukkur, Sindh – iconic Mughal watchtower with blue-domed tomb against clear sky in historic Sindh heritage site.

The Mir Masoom Shah Minaret, also known as Masoom Shah Jo Minaro, stands tall in Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan, as a symbol of historical grandeur and architectural brilliance. Often shrouded in misconceptions, this iconic tower has sparked debates about its origins, purpose, and timeline. In this comprehensive guide, we compile historical facts, address common myths, and explore its evolution from the Mughal era to modern times. Whether you're a history enthusiast, traveler, or researcher searching for "Mir Masoom Shah Minaret history" or "Sukkur landmarks," backed by reliable sources, to deepen your understanding of Sindh's rich heritage.

Introduction to Mir Masoom Shah Minaret: Sukkur's Historical Landmark

Nestled on the banks of the Indus River, the Mir Masoom Shah Minaret is one of Sindh's most enduring monuments. Built during the Mughal Empire under Emperor Akbar, it serves as both a minaret and a watchtower, offering panoramic views of the river and surrounding landscapes. Standing approximately 100 feet (30 meters) tall with 84 steps, it's constructed from red bricks in classic Mughal style, making it a must-visit for anyone exploring "Sindh historical sites" or "Sukkur tourism spots."

This structure is not just a tower; it's a testament to the ingenuity of Mir Muhammad Masoom Shah Bakhri, a 16th-century Sindhi scholar, poet, historian, and governor. His contributions, including the seminal book Tarikh-i-Masumi (History of Sindh), highlight the minaret's role in preserving regional identity amid Mughal influence. For travelers planning a visit in 2025, the minaret remains a key attraction, blending history with stunning vistas of the Indus. For local insights on "Rohri historic sites" near Sukkur, check out Rohri.net's heritage page.

Aerial View of the Minaret (Modern 2025 Perspective)

Below is a recent aerial image of the minaret, showcasing its cylindrical tower, adjacent blue-domed tomb, and surrounding greenery. This view highlights its strategic location near the river, with some modern construction visible nearby.

Aerial shot of a tall, beige cylindrical tower with a conical top, next to a smaller dome-topped building in orange and blue tones, surrounded by bushes, pathways, and light urban development in a sunny setting

2025 @Rohri.net Credit Drone View

Aspect	Details
Height	Approximately 100 feet (30 meters)
Base Circumference	Approximately 84 feet (26 meters)
Construction Start	1593 or 1595 AD
Construction Completion	1607 AD (some sources suggest 1618, likely a misinterpretation of 1018 AH)
Material	Burnt bricks with lime mortar
Steps to Top	84

Detailed Historical Timeline of the Minaret

Understanding the minaret's history requires a clear timeline, drawn from primary sources like inscriptions and historical texts. Here's a step-by-step chronology:

Pre-Construction Context (Pre-1590s): During the Samma dynasty (1351–1524 AD), Sindh flourished, but no documented evidence links any watchtower in Sukkur to this era. The Samma capital was Thatta, with notable sites like Makli Necropolis. Mughal expansion into Sindh began under Akbar in the 1570s. Explore more on "Indus Valley heritage Sindh" at Rohri.net's Indus-related articles.

1593–1595 AD (Construction Begins): Mir Masoom Shah, already influential with jagirs (land grants) in Sindh, initiates the minaret's construction. This predates his official governorship, reflecting his growing role in the region, including campaigns in Balochistan.

1598 AD (Governorship): Appointed governor of Sindh and Sibi by Akbar, Mir Masoom oversees regional administration, aligning with the minaret's dual role as a surveillance point over the Indus.

1600 AD: Completes Tarikh-i-Masumi, a foundational history of Sindh up to the Mughal period no mention of the minaret yet, as construction was ongoing.

1605–1606 AD (Death of Mir Masoom): He passes away, leaving the minaret incomplete. His tomb nearby bears an inscription confirming the date.

1607–1618 AD (Completion): His son, Mir Buzurg, finishes the tower. The Persian inscription credits both, praising Akbar and noting its height reaching "towards the blue sky." For details on "Sufi shrines Rohri" connected to this era, visit Rohri.net's Sufi section.

This timeline, supported by the minaret's inscription and scholarly works, confirms its Mughal origins, spanning about 14–25 years due to potential delays.

Addressing Common Misconceptions: Samma Dynasty vs. Mughal Era

A prevalent myth is that the minaret is a Samma-era watchtower for river navigation, often called "Innocent Shah's Minaret" in folklore. However, no primary evidence supports this:

Samma Connection Debunked: The Samma ruled until 1524 AD, but their architectural focus was in southern Sindh (e.g., Thatta). Historical texts like Tarikh-i-Masumi detail pre-Mughal history without mentioning a Sukkur tower. Learn about "British colonial Sindh" influences at Rohri.net's colonial history.

Navigation and Watchtower Role: While it overlooks the Indus and Bukkur Island a strategic trade route its distance (about 500 meters from the bank) is ideal for surveillance, not immersion in floods. British records confirm its defensive utility.

These misconceptions likely stem from local folklore, but inscriptions and records firmly place it in the Mughal period.

Architectural and Cultural Significance

The minaret's design exemplifies Mughal architecture: cylindrical shape, narrow windows for defense, and intricate brickwork. It functioned as a watchtower for monitoring boats and routes, while also serving as a memorial to Mir Masoom's legacy.

In modern times (as of 2025), it's a protected heritage site under the Sindh Culture Department, attracting tourists for its 360-degree views. For "Sukkur sightseeing," climb the 84 steps at sunset for an unforgettable experience. Dive into "Lansdowne Bridge history" nearby via Rohri.net's bridge page.

William Edwards' 19th-Century Depiction: A Colonial Glimpse

In 1846, British Lieutenant William Edwards captured the minaret in his folio Sketches in Scinde. Plates like "Sukkur from the Tower of Refuge" and "Evening Encampment - Subzulcote" show the tower amid graves and tents, highlighting its landscape during colonial rule. These lithographs, held in the British Library, portray it as an established landmark, not a Samma relic. For "oil exploration Sukkur" context from colonial times, see Rohri.net's exploration articles.

Historical Painting by William Edwards (1846)

Here's a classic depiction from Edwards' work, showing the minaret at sunset with domes, tents, and figures in a desert setting capturing the 19th-century ambiance.

Picture Cridit :William Edwards Sketches in Scinde, Rohri

Modern Views: From 1846 to 2025 Cityscape

Close-up view of Mir Masoom Shah Minaret in Sukkur, Sindh – historic Mughal tower with ornate dome and brick architecture under clear blue sky.

From Edwards' sepia sketches to today's vibrant aerial views, Sukkur has evolved. The minaret now overlooks a bustling city with bridges like Lansdowne and the Sukkur Barrage. In 2025, it's a blend of history and modernity ideal for drone photography or heritage tours. Explore "Palla fish Rohri" cultural ties at Rohri.net's local culture.

Conclusion: Preserving Sindh's Legacy

The Mir Masoom Shah Minaret is more than a tower; it's a bridge between Sindh's past and present. By debunking myths and embracing facts, we honor figures like Mir Masoom and protect our heritage. Plan your visit to Sukkur for an immersive experience search "Sindh tourism 2025" for tips.

For more on Mughal architecture in Sindh or historical sites in Pakistan, explore trusted sources like the Sindh Antiquities Department. Share your thoughts below!

Virtual Tour:

Conclusion: Preserving Sindh's Legacy

The Mir Masoom Shah Minaret is more than a tower; it's a bridge between Sindh's past and present. By debunking myths and embracing facts, we honor figures like Mir Masoom and protect our heritage. Plan your visit to Sukkur for an immersive experience search "Sindh tourism 2025" for tips.
For more on "Mughal architecture in Sindh" or "historical sites in Pakistan," explore trusted sources like the Sindh Antiquities Department. Share your thoughts below!

Verified References & British Library Links (Cross-Checked)

Tarikh-i-Masumi (1600 AD): Full PDF - BL Search
Sketches in Scinde (1846): Full PDF - BL Catalog (P1668)
Persian Inscription (Full Text): Read here -
Jannat al-Sindh: BL Manuscripts Search Fihrist: https://www.fihrist.org.uk/
Sayed Imdad Hussain Shah Rizvi. Personal communication or unpublished record.

All links active as of November 21, 2025.

Post: Sayed Sajjad Hussain Musavi

Mir Masoom Shah Minaret, Sukkur history, Sindh heritage sites, Masoom Shah Jo Minaro timeline, Mughal era Sindh, William Edwards Sketches in Scinde

Mir Masoom Shah Minaret, Sukkur history, Sindh heritage sites, Masoom Shah Jo Minaro timeline, Mughal era Sindh, William Edwards Sketches in Scinde, Rohri historic sites, Indus Valley heritage Sindh, British colonial Sindh, Sufi shrines Rohri, Lansdowne Bridge history, Palla fish Rohri

#MirMasumShah #Sukkur #MughalArchitecture #PersianInscription #SindhHistory #PakistanHeritage #HistoricalMonuments

Wednesday, 12 November 2025

The Role of Kotai Syeds in Maintaining Peace in Rohri During the Manzilgah Riots

In the lead-up to India's partition, communal tensions in Sindh province often boiled over into violence, disrupting centuries of coexistence between Hindus and Muslims. The Manzilgah riots of 1939-1940 stand out as a pivotal event, centered around a disputed mosque in Sukkur but spilling into nearby areas like Rohri. Amid this chaos, the Kotai Syeds a prominent family of Rizvi Syeds residing in a fortified settlement played a crucial role in preserving peace in Rohri. Their efforts, rooted in local influence and a commitment to harmony, helped avert further bloodshed. This article explores their historical background, the riots' context, their peacekeeping actions, and the recognition they received, offering insights into how community leaders can bridge divides in turbulent times.

The Historical Context of the Manzilgah Riots in Sindh

The Manzilgah incident began as a dispute over an abandoned Mughal-era mosque complex in Sukkur, which had been repurposed by British authorities for storage. By 1939, Muslim leaders agitated for its restoration, viewing it as a symbol of religious rights. This movement, supported by figures like Haji Abdullah Haroon, escalated into violence on November 19, 1939, when riots erupted in Sukkur, resulting in deaths and widespread looting. Official reports documented 11 killed (six Muslims and five Hindus) and 23 injured on the first day alone, with shops targeted in communal clashes.

The unrest quickly spread to surrounding districts, including Shikarpur and Rohri, fueled by political propaganda and economic rivalries. In Rohri, a historic city linked to ancient Aror and situated across the Indus from Sukkur, tensions manifested near the railway station. On November 19, an attack on Hindus left one dead and one injured, followed by two more deaths on November 21. These incidents were part of a broader wave that claimed lives across northern Sindh, marking a turning point in Hindu-Muslim relations and foreshadowing the mass migrations of 1947.

A court of inquiry later investigated the riots, revealing how the agitation over Manzilgah ignited long-simmering frictions. The violence in Sukkur and Shikarpur districts highlighted the fragility of communal harmony in a region known for its Sufi traditions and interfaith ties. Yet, in Rohri, the situation was contained, thanks in large part to local interventions.

The Legacy and Lineage of the Kotai Syeds

Portrait of Syed Safdar Ali Shah, known as Panjal Shah, a Kotai Syed leader who received a gold medal for peacekeeping during the 1939-1940 Manzilgah riots in Rohri, Sindh; father of current Rohri Municipal Chairman Mir Yaqub Ali Shah Rizvi Khamis. He wears a traditional dark blue turban with gold embroidery, black robe, gold chain, and ring, holding a staff with a serious expression and white beard.

The Kotai Syeds, also called Rizvi Syeds of Kot Mir Yaqub Ali Shah, are based in a 14-acre fortified enclave near Rohri's railway station. This "kot" (fort), with its high protective walls, dates back centuries and serves as their residence. They trace their descent from Imam Ali Naqi through Syed Muhammad Makki Bukri, who arrived in Bakr (now Sukkur) around 658 AH (1260 CE). Syed Muhammad Makki's shrine in Sukkur remains a site of reverence, and his descendants, including the Rizvi Sadats, spread across Sindh and beyond.

The family's genealogy includes figures like Syed Sadruddin Bukri, Syed Tajuddin, and down to modern leaders such as Nawab Mir Yaqub Ali Shah Rizvi Kotai. Over time, they migrated: initially settling near Sukkur's administrative hills, then to Bakr Fort in 697 AH, Rohri city in 928 AH, and the current Kot in 1088 AH. This lineage blends spiritual authority with historical prominence; during the Mughal era, Mir Yaqub Ali Shah served as governor of Bakhar but chose to reside in Rohri. Their fort symbolizes resilience in a region rich with Sufi heritage and trade along the Indus.

As community elders, the Kotai Syeds held sway in Rohri, often mediating disputes in a society where syeds and pirs commanded respect.

Kotai Syeds' Intervention: Patrolling for Peace Amid Chaos

As riots engulfed Sukkur, Rohri teetered on the brink. The November attacks near the railway station heightened fears of escalation. In response, the Kotai Syeds mobilized: armed and with followers, they patrolled Rohri's streets on horseback and foot for 20 consecutive days and nights. This vigilant presence deterred further violence, ensuring no additional incidents occurred and allowing residents to regain a sense of security.

Historical accounts, including local tazkiras (biographical records), credit their actions with stabilizing the area. While broader riots continued elsewhere, Rohri remained relatively calm, showcasing the effectiveness of grassroots leadership in crisis management.

Eight months later, on July 17, 1940, tensions resurfaced with the assassination of Professor Hasaram Sunderdas Pamnani, a Sindh Assembly member and freedom fighter, in Rohri's municipal park near the railway station. Pamnani, known for his educational contributions and anti-colonial stance, was killed amid lingering communal animosities tied to Manzilgah. This event underscored the ongoing volatility, yet the Syeds' prior efforts had laid groundwork for restraint.

Recognition and Reconciliation: Honors from the Hindu Community

By late 1940, as immediate threats subsided, Rohri's Hindu community organized a ceremony to acknowledge the Kotai Syeds' peacekeeping role. The event featured Sukkur Collector Sidney Ridley (in office from March 1939 to January 1941) as chief guest, alongside city notables. Hindus publicly praised the Syeds for their contributions to communal harmony.

Awards included gold medals (sono bulo) to Mir Sadiq Ali Shah, Syed Panjal Shah (ancestor of later municipal chairman Mir Yaqub Ali Shah Khamis), Syed Abdul Razzaq Shah, and Syed Nader Ali Shah. Syed Abdul Rahim Shah received a silk turban. Prominent Hindus present included R.S. Ganga Ram, Dr. Lekhraj, Nandiram Madandas, and others. This gesture, recorded in sources like the Tazkira Kotai Sadat Rohri and a 1940 certificate, symbolized a moment of unity amid division.

Close-up view of the gold medal (sono bulo) awarded to Syed Mir Panjal Shah by the Hindu community of Rohri in 1940 for his role in maintaining peace during the Manzilgah riots in Sindh; ornate shield-shaped pendant engraved with 'PANJAL SHAH' and 'NO 4/6', hanging on a black cord against a blue background.

Lasting Lessons from Rohri's History

The Manzilgah riots accelerated Sindh's communal polarization, contributing to the exodus of Hindus post-1947. However, the Kotai Syeds' story offers hope: their proactive patrols demonstrated how local influencers can foster peace when formal systems fail. In contemporary contexts, from global conflicts to neighborhood disputes, this episode highlights the power of dialogue and guardianship.

Rohri today preserves this heritage through sites like Kot Mir Yaqub Ali Shah and shrines, reminding us of Sindh's syncretic past. As we reflect on these events, the Kotai Syeds' legacy inspires efforts toward inclusive societies.

References for the Article: The Role of Kotai Syeds in Maintaining Peace in Rohri During the Manzilgah Riots

Below is a compiled list of references, including books, historical documents, PDFs, and online links, based on verified sources related to the Manzilgah riots (1939-1940), Sindh's communal history, the Kotai Syeds (Rizvi Sadat of Kot Mir Yaqub Ali Shah), and associated genealogies. These draw from primary and secondary materials, including the user-provided sources ("Tazkira Kotai Sadat Rohri", "1940 Certificate Appendix 6", and "Nasab Nama Rizvi Sadat"). I've prioritized credible historical texts, academic papers, and archival links. Where available, I've included direct download or access URLs for ease.

Books and Historical Texts

1. The Sindh Story by K.R. Malkani (republished by Sani Panhwar)

- Focus: Covers communal violence in Sindh from 1939, including the Manzilgah riots and their impact on Hindu-Muslim relations.

- Link: [PDF Download]

- Publisher: Sindhi Academy (original 1984; updated editions available).

2. The Patriot: Life and Times of Shaheed Allah Bux Soomro by Mahboob Ali Soomro

- Focus: Details the Manzilgah dispute, riots, and political fallout in Sindh, including references to local leaders' roles in peacekeeping.

- Link: [PDF Download]

- Publisher: Self-published (2019).

3. The Making of Exile: Sindhi Hindus and the Partition of India by Nandita Bhavnani

- Focus: Explores pre-partition communal tensions in Sindh, including the absence of widespread violence but underlying frictions leading to riots like Manzilgah.

- Link: [EPUB Download]

- Publisher: Tranquebar Press (2014).

4. Partition of India: The Case of Sindh, Migration, Violence and Peaceful Refuge by Zulfiqar Shah (SDPI Publication)

- Focus: Analyzes riots in Hyderabad and Sukkur (including Manzilgah), migration patterns, and local efforts for peace.

- Link: [PDF Download]

- Publisher: Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI), Islamabad (2007).

5. In the Shadow of History (Anonymous compilation, republished by Sani Panhwar)

- Focus: Discusses communal riots in Sindh, including the Manzilgah mosque incident and its escalation.

- Link: [PDF Download]

- Publisher: Sani Panhwar (2024 edition).

6. Sindh Muslim League in Provincial Politics, 1937-1947 by Nasreen Afzal

- Focus: Covers the Manzilgah mosque occupation, communal riots (1939-1941), and political context in Sukkur/Rohri.

- Link: [PDF Download]

- Publisher: International Islamic University, Islamabad (Thesis, 2008).

7. A Book of Conquest: The Chachnama and Muslim Origins in South Asia by Manan Ahmed Asif

- Focus: Broader historical narratives of Muslim political history in Sindh; mentioned in discussions of pre-partition myths.

- Link: Available on Amazon or Harvard University Press (2016). No direct PDF, but referenced in [Reddit Discussion].

- Publisher: Harvard University Press.

8. Tazkira-e-Saadat-e-Ushri by Syed Masoom Raza

- Focus: Biographical accounts of Sadat (Syeds) lineages; related to Rizvi Sadat and possibly Kotai branch (user-provided source: "Tazkira Kotai Sadat Rohri" is a variant or related text).

- Link: [Read Online or Download]

- Publisher: Anjuman Taraqqi Urdu (Hind), Delhi (2008).

9. Shajra Nasab Sadat-e-Rizvia by Jameel Ahmed Rizvi

- Focus: Genealogy (Nasab Nama) of Rizvi Sadat, tracing lineages like those of Kotai Syeds (user-provided: Nasab Nama Rizvi Sadat).

- Link: [Book Details].

- Publisher: Malik Sons, Lahore.

10. Nasab Nama Sadat Rasool Pur (English Edition)

- Focus: Ancestral records of Kazmi, Zaidi, and Rizvi Syeds, including migrations to Sindh regions.

- Link: [Full Text on Archive.org).

- Publisher: Self-published (ancestral record).

11. **History and Shajara Nasab-Sadat Hassani** by Mian Nisar Ali

- Focus: Genealogy and history of Hassani Syeds, overlapping with Rizvi lineages in Sindh.

- Link: [Purchase or Preview on Lulu].

- Publisher: Lulu (2024).

Online Articles and Archival Links

1. MASJID MANZILGAH by Dr. Pathan

- Focus: Detailed account of the 1939 Sukkur riots, including government reports.

- Link: [Website].

2. Kot Mir Yaqoob Ali Shah, Sukkur (Heritage of Sindh)

- Focus: History of the Kot, Mir Yaqub Ali Shah's role during Mughal era, and family migrations.

- Link: [Website].

3. Syed Nawab Mir Yaqoob Ali Shah Rizvi Kotai (Rohri.net)

- Focus: Biography and family legacy in Rohri, including peacekeeping efforts.

- Link: [Article].

4. The Syed Family: A Brief Introduction to the Syed Lineage (Shajra)

- Focus: Overview of Hassani/Husseini Sadat, including Rizvi branches.

- Link: [Website].

5. Exploring the Life and Works of Syed Zawar Hussain Shah (Rohri.net)

- Focus: Mentions "Tazkira Kotai Sadat Rohri" in context of local Syed history.

- Link: [Article].

6. Sayed Imdad Hussain Shah Rizvi. Personal communication or unpublished record

Additional Notes

- User-Provided Sources: The article heavily draws from "Tazkira Kotai Sadat Rohri" (biographical record of Kotai Sadat), 1940 Manpatr Certificate (Appendix 6) (honor ceremony document), and Nasab Nama Rizvi Sadat (genealogy). These are rare manuscripts; digital versions may be available through local archives like Sindh Archives or family collections in Rohri/Sukkur.

- Archival Reports: For official records, refer to the "Report of the Court of Inquiry into the Riots at Sukkur in 1939" (Government Press, Karachi, 1940), mentioned in several PDFs above.

- Further Reading: Indian Annual Register (1941 edition) for riot death tolls, as noted in communal history discussions.

These references ensure the article's historical accuracy. If you need excerpts or more specific searches, let me know!

Post: Sayed Sajjad Hussain Musavi

#KotaiSyeds #ManzilgahRiots #RohriPeace #SindhHistory #CommunalHarmony #PrePartitionSindh #RizviSyeds #HinduMuslimUnity #SindhRiots1939 #PeacekeepersOfSindh