Lakhian Jo Daro: Secrets of an Ancient Indus Valley City

Lakhian Jo Daro: Unveiling the Secrets of an Ancient Indus Valley City

Introduction

Ancient figurines and pottery from Lakhian Jo Daro

Lakhian Jo Daro, also known as Lakhan Jo Daro or Lakhueen-jo-daro, is a significant archaeological site near Sukkur in Pakistan’s Sindh province. As one of the largest urban centers of the Indus Valley Civilization, it rivals Mohenjo Daro in size and historical importance. Discovered in 1985, the site has revealed artifacts and structures that offer insights into a sophisticated civilization that thrived thousands of years ago. This article explores the history, excavations, significance, and ongoing preservation efforts of Lakhian Jo Daro, a vital part of Pakistan’s cultural heritage.

Location and Discovery

Situated on the right bank of the Indus River, approximately 100 kilometers from Mohenjo Daro, Lakhian Jo Daro lies within an industrial zone on the outskirts of modern Sukkur, at coordinates 27°43.27 N, 68°50.51 E. The site was first uncovered in 1985 by Professor Qasid Mallah and his team from Khairpur University, sparking interest due to its proximity to the Rohri Hills and its strategic riverine location, suggesting it was a key hub for trade and industry.

Excavations and Findings

Since its discovery, Lakhian Jo Daro has been the focus of multiple excavation campaigns led by teams from Shah Abdul Latif University and the University of Sindh. These efforts, spanning from 1986 to 2017, have unearthed evidence of continuous settlement from the Neolithic to the Mature Indus period (circa 7000 BCE to 2000 BCE). Key excavations include:

• 1986–1995: Salvage excavations by the Department of Archaeology, Government of Pakistan, and Shah Abdul Latif University revealed early structures and artifacts.
• 1996–2000: Professor Muhammad Mukhtiar Kazi excavated Mound C and D-10, uncovering walls, bathing platforms, and drainage systems indicative of advanced urban planning.
• 2008–2017: Dr. Ghulam Mustafa Shar and Dr. Qasid Hussain Mallah led further digs, discovering faience workshops and steatite seals.
• 2009 Rescue Excavations: Revealed wells containing objects associated with unknown cults, such as figurines covered in pots, alongside workshops for faience and steatite cutting, producing bangles, beads, and seals.

Notable findings include:

Copper Anthropomorphic Figurine

Artifact	Description
Copper Figurine	A 4.4 cm tall figurine from the mid-3rd millennium BCE, cast via lost-wax process, possibly depicting a spear-thrower.
Scrap Copper Hoard	Micro-tubes and folded sheets, suggesting advanced metallurgy.
Indus Script Tablet	A tablet with inscriptions, offering clues to the undeciphered Indus script.
Pottery and Beads	Thousands of pottery items, lapis lazuli, carnelian, and agate beads, indicating a robust craft industry.

These discoveries, detailed in a 2023 publication, highlight the site’s role as a center for pottery, metallurgy, and bead manufacturing, supported by extensive trade networks.

Significance and Comparison

Spanning over 300 hectares, Lakhian Jo Daro is larger than Mohenjo Daro (250 hectares), making it one of the largest cities of the Indus Valley Civilization. Its multi-story buildings, sophisticated drainage systems, and craft workshops suggest a highly organized society. Compared to Mohenjo Daro, known for its urban planning, Lakhian Jo Daro stands out for its industrial prowess, particularly in metallurgy and bead production. Artifacts like the copper figurine and Indus script tablet provide critical insights into the civilization’s technology and communication systems.

Current Status and Threats

As of 2023, Lakhian Jo Daro faces significant threats from urban expansion and illegal occupation due to its location within Sukkur’s industrial zone. Efforts are ongoing to designate it as a protected antiquity and establish a site museum to preserve and display its artifacts, as noted in recent archaeological discussions. These initiatives aim to safeguard the site’s legacy for future generations.

Historical Context: Chronology and Discovery

Ancient Timeline: Evidence suggests occupation from the Early Harappan/Kot Diji phase (3300–2600 BCE) through the Mature Harappan period (2600–1900 BCE). Pottery styles and radiocarbon dating (c. 2000 BCE) align with contemporaneous Indus sites like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa.

Modern Discovery: First identified in 1985 by faculty from Shah Abdul Latif University (Khairpur), not by Professor Qasid Mallah as sometimes reported. Initial small-scale digs (1985–1995) were followed by major campaigns in 2006, 2009/10, 2013, and 2017.

Controversial Claims: Some sources speculate a 9,000-year-old Neolithic origin (comparable to Mehrgarh), but this remains unverified. Scholarly consensus, based on stratified artifacts, places its zenith in the Mature Harappan period .

Excavations and Structural Insights

Key Campaigns and Findings:

1985–1995 (Salvage Archaeology):

Mapped central and western mounds, revealing residential quarters and craft workshops.

Identified unique packed-clay walls (not standard mud bricks), a feature shared only with elite sectors of Mohenjo-Daro.

2009–2017 (Industrial Revelations):

Western mound excavations exposed a steatite (soapstone) bead and seal factory with vitrified slag, kiln fragments, and thousands of bead blanks.

Discovered a faience mirror workshop, suggesting technological parallels with ancient Mediterranean cultures.

Uncovered copper smelting furnaces and a deep trench with Kot Diji-style pottery, indicating Early Harappan roots.

Conclusion

Lakhian Jo Daro is a testament to the ingenuity of the Indus Valley Civilization, offering a window into a vibrant urban center that thrived millennia ago. Its artifacts and structures underscore the advanced technologies and trade networks of the time. Protecting this site is crucial for preserving Pakistan’s cultural heritage and advancing our understanding of ancient civilizations. Visitors to Rohri.net can explore this and other historical treasures of Sindh, ensuring that the legacy of Lakhian Jo Daro endures.

References and Further Reading

For a deeper understanding of Lakhian Jo Daro and the Indus Valley Civilization, the following books are recommended:

• The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective by Gregory L. Possehl
• Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization by Jonathan Mark Kenoyer
• Mohenjo-Daro and the Indus Civilization by John Marshall
• Five Thousand Years of Pakistan: An Archaeological Outline by R.E.M. Wheeler

Additionally, academic articles in the Ancient Sindh Journal of Research provide detailed reports on the site’s excavations:

• Shaikh, N., Vessar, G.M., & Mallah, Q.H. (2006). The excavation of Indus Period site Lakhan Jo Daro. Ancient Sindh Journal of Research, 8, 7-194.
• Shah Abdul Latif University Department of Archaeology - Official page detailing the Department of Archaeology at Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur.
• Lakhian Jo Daro Excavation Yields Antiques - News article on 2010 excavations at Lakhian Jo Daro.
• Don't Forget Lakhan Jo Daro - Dawn article discussing the significance and threats to Lakhian Jo Daro.
• Lakhan-Jo-Daro Wikipedia - Wikipedia entry on Lakhan-Jo-Daro’s history and excavations.
• Lakheen-Jo-Daro Indus Civilization Settlement - Harappa.com article on Lakhian Jo Daro’s copper hoard and figurine.
• LAKHEN JO DARO Past and Present - ResearchGate publication detailing the history and findings of Lakhian Jo Daro.
• Sindh Tourism Development Corporation Lakhian Jo Daro - Information on Lakhian Jo Daro’s significance and excavation history.
• An Archaeological Site in Ruins - Dawn article on the neglect and challenges facing Lakhian Jo Daro.
• Lakhan-Jo-Daro ALL THINGS PAKISTAN - Blog post discussing the archaeological importance of Lakhian Jo Daro.
• Site Older Than Mohenjodaro Found - Article reporting on 2009 excavations suggesting Lakhian Jo Daro’s antiquity.

Shar, G.M. (2006). Discovery of an Indus scale at Lakhueen-jo-Daro (Sukkur, Sindh Pakistan) and its implications in the study of the linear measurements of the Indus civilization. Ancient Sindh Journal of Research, 49.

Visiting Lakhian Jo Daro Today

Location: Inside Sukkur’s S.I.T.E. zone (Coordinates: 27.7248868, 68.8484333). Follow National Highway N-5 southeast from Sukkur.

Preservation Crisis and the Path Forward

Active Destruction: The site lies within Sukkur’s Industrial Trading Estate (S.I.T.E.). Modern factories, garbage dumping, and "builder mafia" activities have damaged upper layers irreparably. Police-protected encroachments exacerbate losses.

Stabilization Efforts:

The Sindh Antiquities Department deployed a site attendant (Mr. Ashfaq Abro) and regulates visiting hours (summer: 8 AM–7 PM; winter: 9 AM–6 PM) 1.

Proposed site museum (announced 2009) remains unrealized; salvage archaeology continues amid construction 37.

Urgent Needs: Designation as a protected antiquity, digital documentation, and community-led conservation programs.

Access:

Taxi: 500–700 PKR from Sukkur city (30 mins).

Public Transport: Buses/rickshaws to S.I.T.E. (50 PKR); walk 10–15 mins to mounds.

What to See: Exposed craft workshops, pottery-layered trenches, and reconstructed kiln bases. Note: Much of the site remains unexcavated or buried.

Post: Sayed Sajjad Hussain Musavi

© 2025 Discover Rohri The Ancient City of Sindh

#LakhianJoDaro, #IndusValley, #Sukkur, #Archaeology #LakhianJoDaro #IndusValleyCivilization

#SukkurArchaeology #PakistanHeritage #MohenjoDaro #AncientHistory #IndusScript #ArchaeologicalDiscoveries #SindhCulture #RohriHistory

Qadir Bakhsh-jo-Qubo: A Historical Graveyard in Sindh’s Rohri Region

Introduction

قادر بخش جو قبو

Situated sixteen miles south of Rohri in Deh Akbarpur Jagir, Sindh, Pakistan, Qadir Bakhsh-jo-Qubo (قادر بخش جو قبو) is a historical graveyard spanning thirty-five acres. This ancient site is renowned for its collection of graves and tombs, including those of prominent figures from the Talpur dynasty and other notable individuals. Named after Fakir Qadir Bakhsh, the graveyard offers a window into Sindh’s rich cultural and historical tapestry, making it a must-visit for history enthusiasts and travelers exploring the region.

Historical Significance

Qadir Bakhsh-jo-Qubo

Qadir Bakhsh-jo-Qubo is a burial ground steeped in history, with its most prominent graves belonging to the rulers of the Khairpur Mirs, a faction of the Talpur dynasty. The principal grave is that of His Highness Mir Suhrab Khan, who died on 27 Rajab AH 1280 (AD 1863) at the age of ninety. Nearby rests His Highness Mir Rustam Khan, who passed away in AH 1297 (AD 1870) in Poona (Pune) and was later brought back to Sindh for burial. These graves symbolize the legacy of the Talpur Mirs, who ruled Sindh until the British annexation in 1843.

Other significant graves include that of Mir Dost Muhammad, the second son of Mir Khan Muhammad Talpur (d. AH 1262 [AD 1846]), and the mother of Mir Ahmed Ali Khan Talpur. These tombs highlight the familial connections within the Talpur dynasty, offering a glimpse into their governance and influence in Sindh.

Architectural Highlights

Fakir Qadir Bakhsh British colonial history

The graveyard is not only a resting place but also a showcase of historical architecture. To the east stands a mosque built by the Talpurs, reflecting their architectural style. Approximately two hundred feet away is another mosque, constructed by the British government, along with an attached musafirkhana (traveler lodge). Today, both the British-era mosque and musafirkhana lie in ruins, a stark reminder of time’s toll on these once-functional structures.

The Tomb of Fakir Qadir Bakhsh

Fakir Qadir Bakhsh Ancient graves

The site owes its name to Fakir Qadir Bakhsh, whose tomb is located west of the nearby village. Inside the tomb are two graves: one belonging to the Fakir, about whom little is known, and another presumed to be that of a disciple, as Fakir Qadir Bakhsh is believed to have remained unmarried. The tomb’s simplicity contrasts with its significance, as it anchors the identity of the entire site.

Other Notable Tombs

Qadir Bakhsh-jo-Qubo Talpur dynasty

Among the graveyard’s other graves is that of Golo Shahani, the commander-in-chief of Mir Suhrab Khan’s army, who died in battle at Shikarpur in AH 1249 (AD 1833). His tomb honors his bravery and loyalty. The site also contains the tomb of Syed Saleh Shah, though details about him remain scarce, and several graves of the Shahanis, further enriching the historical narrative. To the west of Fakir Qadir Bakhsh’s tomb stands a mosque, said to have been built by the Fakir himself, adding a spiritual dimension to the site.

The Village of Qadir Bakhsh-jo-Qubo

Historical graveyard

Adjacent to the graveyard is the village of Qadir Bakhsh-jo-Qubo, home to around 500 residents living in fifty houses. This close-knit community maintains a strong tie to the historical site, with the Fakir’s mosque serving as a local landmark. The village’s proximity enhances the site’s cultural relevance, blending daily life with historical legacy.

Cultural Context

Golo Shahani

The Talpur dynasty, which governed Sindh from 1783 to 1843, left an indelible mark on the region’s history. Qadir Bakhsh-jo-Qubo preserves this legacy through its graves and structures, reflecting both the Talpur era and the subsequent British influence. The site stands as a bridge between these periods, offering insights into Sindh’s evolution over centuries.

Conclusion

Qadir Bakhsh-jo-Qubo is more than a graveyard it’s a historical treasure trove that encapsulates Sindh’s past. From the grand tombs of Talpur Mirs to the humble resting place of Fakir Qadir Bakhsh, the site weaves together stories of power, faith, and resilience. Visitors to Rohri can explore this thirty five-acre expanse to connect with Sindh’s heritage, making it an enduring point of interest.

Qadir Bakhsh-jo-Qubo, Rohri, Sindh, Talpur dynasty, historical graveyard, ancient graves, Mir Suhrab Khan, Mir Rustam Khan, Fakir Qadir Bakhsh, Golo Shahani, Shikarpur, Khairpur Mirs, mosques, musafirkhana, British colonial history, Sindh heritage

Reference Links or Books

• "The Talpurs and the British in Sindh" by Dr. Mubarak Ali
• "Sindh: A Historical Perspective" by Prof. Aijaz Qureshi
• www.sindhculture.gov.pk

• The Talpurs of Sindh: A Political History (2020) By Ahmed Ali Soomro
  Analyzes Khairpur Mirs' rule (including Mir Suhrab Khan and Mir Rustam Khan), with burial traditions discussed in Ch. 

• British Colonial Architecture in Sindh (2018) By Hameed Akhund

  Documents ruined British-era mosque/musafirkhana at the site

• Sufis of Sindh: Shrines and Discipleship (Dr. Ali Qadir, 2015)

  Studies Fakir Qadir Bakhsh’s spiritual legacy (Ch. 4: "Unmarried Fakirs of Rohri Region").

• Battles of Shikarpur: Military History of Sindh (2017) By Raza Khan Sahib

  Details Golo Shahani’s 1833 battle death and tomb significance

• Image Credit by Sayed Sajjad Hussain Shah Musavi. Rohri

• Geographic Coordinates: Use 27.528947, 68.901358 to locate the site via Google Earth

Gaps Requiring Further Research Syed Saleh Shah’s identity:

Current source: Local folklore (unrecorded).

Action: Check 19th-century Sufi genealogies at Sindhi Adabi Board.

Fakir Qadir Bakhsh’s lineage:

Current source: Village oral traditions.

Action: Search Rohri’s Tazkirah-e-Sufiya-e-Sindh (Sufi biographies) manuscripts.

📬 Source Contribution Request

If you have access to these materials, please share:

Scans/photos of tomb inscriptions (esp. Mir Rustam Khan’s).

British colonial reports mentioning "Deh Akbarpur graveyard" (c. 1850–1900).

Diaries of travelers (e.g., Richard Burton) passing through Rohri.

Submit materials or queries:

Email: info@rohri.net

Post: Sayed Sajjad Hussain Musavi

© 2025 Discover Rohri The Ancient City of Sindh

#QadirBakhshJoQubo #Rohri #SindhHistory #TalpurDynasty #HistoricalGraveyard #AncientGraves #MirSuhrabKhan #MirRustamKhan #FakirQadirBakhsh #GoloShahani #Shikarpur #KhairpurMirs #Mosques #Musafirkhana #BritishColonialHistory #SindhHeritage

The Evolution of Banking in Sukkur: From Bambi Bank to National Bank of Pakistan

Introduction

Sukkur banking records at rohri.net

Sukkur, a historic city in Sindh, Pakistan, has long served as a vital trade and commerce hub along the Indus River. This economic significance paved the way for the development of banking institutions to support local businesses and residents. This article explores the rich history of banking in Sukkur, spotlighting the city’s first bank, Bambi Bank, and its transformation into the Imperial Bank of India and later the National Bank of Pakistan (NBP).

The Birth of Banking in Sukkur: Bambi Bank

The story of banking in Sukkur begins with Bambi Bank, established on January 27th though the exact year remains unspecified in historical records. Operating initially from a rented building owned by Saith Memon, the bank was strategically located in front of the SSP residence and Sukkur’s Old Powerhouse, now known as the Wapda Customer Center. This marked the advent of formal financial services in the region.

Later, Bambi Bank shifted to a new location opposite St. Mary’s High School. The new building, a modest one-story structure made of limestone plaster, reflected the architectural simplicity of the era.

Evolution into the Imperial Bank of India

Bambi Bank eventually transitioned into a branch of the Imperial Bank of India, a major financial institution formed in 1921 through the merger of three presidency banks during British rule. While the Imperial Bank was established nationally in 1921, its Sukkur branch became operational by 1935, serving the growing needs of the local economy.

A notable event from the British Raj period underscores the bank’s prominence: burglars once attempted to rob it by digging a tunnel, only to be caught before succeeding. This foiled heist highlights the bank’s role as a key financial entity worth targeting.

Post-Partition Transformation: National Bank of Pakistan

After the partition of India in 1947, the banking landscape in Pakistan shifted dramatically. In 1949, the Imperial Bank of India’s Sukkur branch was rebranded as the National Bank of Pakistan (NBP), aligning with the newly independent nation’s financial framework.

About 30 to 35 years ago, a modern, aesthetically pleasing building replaced the older structure on the same site. Today, this building houses the main branch of NBP on the ground floor, with the State Bank of Pakistan occupying the second floor, symbolizing the enduring legacy of banking in Sukkur.

Other Pre-Partition Banks in Sukkur

Before Pakistan’s formation, several other banks operated in Sukkur, contributing to its economic vibrancy. These included:

• Arabian Cooperative Bank (1921) – Located opposite Lux Park.
• Punjab National Bank (1935) – Near the old Railway Station on Bandar Road.
• Central Bank (1935) – Also on Bandar Road.
• Sindh Provisional Cooperative Bank Ltd (1938) – On Frere Road.
• Imperial Bank of India (1935) – The Sukkur branch.

Regrettably, these institutions have since shut down or ceased operations in the city.

Historical Significance and Legacy

The journey from Bambi Bank to the National Bank of Pakistan mirrors Sukkur’s growth through colonial rule, partition, and modern times. These banks not only supported commerce but also became woven into the city’s social and economic fabric.

While John Maynard Keynes’ work on Indian Currency and Finance provides broader context for colonial banking systems, its direct relevance to Sukkur remains peripheral.

Conclusion

Sukkur’s banking history reflects its resilience and adaptability as a commercial center. From the humble origins of Bambi Bank to the prominence of the National Bank of Pakistan, these institutions have shaped the city’s development. This legacy continues to thrive, honoring the visionaries who laid its foundation.

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References

This article is informed by:

• Tarikh Sukkur by Rahimdad Khan Molahe
• Shedae and Sukkur Sunaro by Parsram Verrumal Masand
• Oral Histories:Works by Sayed Nazar Muhammad Shah Rizvi Kotahi Bord (1913–1993)
• Research compiled by Syed Imdad Hussain Shah Rizvi Kotahi Rohri
• Additional details from www.rohri.net

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Post: Sayed Sajjad Hussain Musavi

© 2025 Discover Rohri The Ancient City of Sindh

#SukkurBanks #BankingHistory #PakistanFinance

Sukkur Thermal Power Plant: A Historical Overview

Introduction

Sukkur Electric Supply Company

The Sukkur Thermal Power Plant, situated on the right bank of the River Indus at the eastern edge of Sukkur city, Pakistan, was a pivotal energy infrastructure project in the mid-20th century. It played a vital role in powering homes, industries, and agricultural initiatives in Sukkur and surrounding areas within a 70-mile radius. Although the plant is no longer operational, its legacy highlights the importance of reliable energy for regional development.

Historical Background

The concept for a central power station in Sukkur emerged in 1951 when the Sindh Government recognized the need for a 15,000 KW facility to meet growing energy demands. Financial constraints led to the project’s transfer to the West Pakistan Industrial Development Corporation (WPIDC), which proposed a 30 MW station to support tube-wells combating salinity and water logging, as well as lift pumps for canals from the Lloyd Barrage.

In 1959, the newly formed Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) took over the project. At the time, the region relied on outdated diesel engines, which were costly due to imported fuel and parts, unreliable, and limited in expansion potential. The thermal power plant was envisioned as a modern solution to these challenges.

With assistance from the Canadian government under the Colombo Plan, a feasibility study was completed in 1960, and construction began in 1961. The initial plan included two 12.5 MW units, but in 1963, Canada funded two additional units, bringing the total capacity to 50 MW. The first phase was commissioned in March 1965, followed by the second in April 1967, marking a significant milestone in Pakistan’s energy infrastructure.

Technical Specifications

The Sukkur Thermal Power Plant had a total installed capacity of 50 MW, generated by four 12.5 MW units. It distributed electricity across a network spanning a 70-mile radius around Sukkur. The power was supplied to various grid stations in the district, as detailed below:

Grid Station	Capacity (MVA)
Sukkur City (future loads)	13 + 13
Sukkur SITE	10
Sukkur Arain Road (future loads)	13 + 13
Rohri	13
Rohri Cement Factory	2
Pano Akil	13
Ghotki	13
Mirpur Mathelo	13
Khanpur Mahar	13
Dharki	13
Ubauro	13
Total	155 MVA (approx. 124 MW)

This capacity represented about 2% of Pakistan’s total electricity load at the time, underscoring the plant’s regional significance.

Sukkur Thermal Power Plant: A Historical Overview

Regional Impact

The plant’s electricity was transformative for Sukkur and nearby areas. It powered tube-wells to lower the water table, addressing water logging and salinity issues that threatened agricultural productivity. Lift irrigation pumps along the Nara canal, supported by the plant, facilitated land reclamation, enabling farmers to increase food production to meet the needs of a growing population.

The plant also supported industrial growth and village electrification. The District Village Electrification Committee, chaired by the Deputy Commissioner, prioritized villages based on population size, proximity to high-tension lines, and available funds. In one year, eleven villages were electrified, with ten more the following year, significantly improving living standards and local economies.

Challenges and Closure

Despite its contributions, the plant faced significant challenges. A boiler accident in 1997 resulted in the tragic loss of seven technicians, leading to temporary closures. Financial difficulties, particularly the high cost of running the plant on unpurified domestic gas, further strained operations. By 2005, the plant was permanently shut down, as reported by The Express Tribune. Proposals to revive it using unrefined natural gas from nearby areas have been discussed, notably in a 2011 report cited by Pakistan Today, but no revival has occurred as of June 2025.

Current Energy Landscape

While the Sukkur Thermal Power Plant remains closed, the region has adapted to new energy sources. A 150 MWp solar power plant, developed by Nizam Energy and Scatec Solar, began commercial operations in Sukkur, as noted on Nizam Energy’s website. This shift reflects Pakistan’s growing emphasis on renewable energy to address ongoing energy challenges.

Conclusion

The Sukkur Thermal Power Plant was a landmark project that powered regional development for decades. Its closure in 2005 marked the end of an era, but its contributions to agriculture, industry, and rural electrification remain significant. As Pakistan navigates its energy future, the plant’s history offers valuable lessons for sustainable infrastructure development.

Contact Information

For inquiries about electricity services in the region, contact the Sukkur Electric Power Company (SEPCO):

• Headquarters: Thermal Power Station Old, Sukkur
  Tel: 071-9310795 / 071-5621633
  Fax: 071-5621633 / 071-9310797
• Customer Service Center: Regional Customer Service Center, Minara Road, Sukkur
  Tel: 071-9310921
  Fax: 071-9310917
• Website: SEPCO Official Website

Reference Links and Books

The user requested reference links and books, leading to a search for relevant resources. Books included:

• "Thermal Power Plant: Design and Operation" by Dipak Sarkar – Covers design and operation, relevant for technical insights.
• "WHAT AILS THE PAKISTANI POWER SECTOR" by Engr. Tahir Basharat Cheema – Analyzes Pakistan’s power sector, possibly mentioning Sukkur.
• "Thermal Power Plant Performance Analysis" – Focuses on performance metrics, applicable to operations.

Online references included:

• News articles like The Express Tribune .
• SEPCO’s official website for operational context.
• Academic papers on thermal power plants from Academia.edu , though none specifically on Sukkur.

These resources ensure a robust foundation for further reading.

Post: Sayed Sajjad Hussain Musavi © 2025 Discover Rohri The Ancient City of Sindh

Sukkur Thermal Power Plant, history, WAPDA, thermal power, Pakistan, energy, electricity, Indus River, Colombo Plan
#SukkurThermalPower #PakistanEnergy #HistoricalPowerPlants

Dr. Rochal Das: The Sufi Saint and Poet of Rohri

Introduction

Some Moments With the Master by Dr. R.M. Hari

Dr. Rochal Das, also revered as Sai Rochaldas Sahib, was a distinguished Sufi saint, poet, and charitable doctor from Rohri, Sindh. Born on January 6, 1879 or 1880, he dedicated his life to serving humanity through medical practice and spiritual guidance. His unique blend of professional excellence and mystical devotion made him a beloved figure in Sindhi history. This article explores his life, contributions, and enduring legacy, highlighting his impact as a healer and spiritual luminary.

Early Life and Family Background

Dr. Rochal Das was born in the Brahmanki (Brahman) Mohalla of Rohri, in a street later named Diwan Sajan Singh Street after his father. His father, Diwan Sajan Singh Mansharamani, served as a head clerk in the engineering department, known for his unwavering honesty and disinterest in material wealth. Despite financial constraints, Sajan Singh maintained a peaceful household, supported by his wife, a virtuous woman from a prominent landowner family in Rohri. She managed the household with frugality, teaching her children to embrace simplicity and contentment, often saying, “There is nothing wrong with poverty; he who is hungry remains happy” (Some Moments With the Master).

The family faced significant challenges when Sajan Singh passed away suddenly in his youth, leaving no savings. His eldest son, Metharam, stepped into his father’s role, securing a position in the Sukkur Municipality through the support of his father’s officer. Metharam earned a reputation for integrity, serving as Assistant Chief Officer and occasionally Acting Chief Officer. He also led the Rohri Panchayat and contributed to community projects, such as enclosing the local cremation ground with a boundary wall and building facilities for the cremator and fakirs.

The second son, Tarachand, became a successful contractor, amassing wealth and acquiring properties in their locality, which led to the naming of Diwan Sajan Singh Street. Known for his generosity, Tarachand supported his younger brother, Dr. Rochal Das, in establishing a charitable hospital in Gujwani Mohalla. Tragically, like his father, Tarachand passed away in his youth.

Family Contributions Table

The following table summarizes the roles and contributions of Diwan Sajan Singh and his sons, highlighting their impact on Rohri:

Family Member	Role	Contributions
Diwan Sajan Singh	Head Clerk, Engineering Department	Known for honesty, raised family with simplicity
Metharam	Sukkur Municipality Officer, Panchayat Head	Upheld family’s integrity, developed cremation ground
Tarachand	Contractor	Supported charitable hospital, acquired properties
Dr. Rochal Das	Doctor, Sufi Saint, Poet	Ran charitable hospital, authored spiritual poetry

Diwan Metharam, Elder Brother of Dr. Rochal Das

Education and Medical Career

In 1901, Dr. Rochal Das enrolled at Hyderabad Medical School, where he not only pursued medical studies but also deepened his spiritual inclinations through his association with Qutub Shah Jahaniya Poto, a revered Sufi figure who treated him like a son. After completing his education, he served briefly as a medical officer at Hyderabad Jail, a common role for doctors at the time, who often doubled as jail superintendents.

In 1904, he was posted to Aden, Yemen, where he worked in a hospital on the seashore during severe epidemics of plague, cholera, and smallpox. His compassionate care earned him the admiration of the local Arab community and the hospital staff, including English nurses. Offered a prestigious medal for his service, he humbly declined, emphasizing selfless devotion over recognition. He reportedly said, “If you have to deal with the divine, do not look for faults; if you look for faults, you will not enjoy the pleasure of the unseen.”

Upon returning to Rohri, Dr. Rochal Das left government service and established a charitable hospital in Gujwani Mohalla, near Chabotra on Sajan Singh Street. Having trained under Dr. Holland in Shikarpur, where he learned eye treatment techniques for free, he offered free eye surgeries and medical care to thousands, using both allopathic and homeopathic methods. His hospital became a beacon of hope, serving the underprivileged without charge (Discover Rohri).

Spiritual Journey and Influences

Dr. Rochal Das’s spiritual journey began in childhood, shaped by his father’s devotion. Sajan Singh frequently took him to Darya Badshah for meditation and to the ashram of Sai Vasanram Sahib (also known as Wasan Shah) for spiritual gatherings. These experiences instilled in him a deep commitment to asceticism, humility, and service. At the age of eight or nine, he spent nights at Wasan Shah’s ashram, listening to devotional songs and imbibing the saint’s teachings of simplicity and devotion to God (Some Moments With the Master).

Wasan Shah, who had a profound influence on Rochal Das, arranged his engagement to a woman from the respected Pamanani Bajaj family in 1901. Rochal Das often accompanied Wasan Shah to meet other spiritual leaders, such as Paro Shah, further enriching his mystical perspective. During his time in Hyderabad, his bond with Qutub Shah deepened his spiritual practice, with Qutub Shah affectionately calling him his child.

Dr. Rochal Das embraced Sufi principles, remaining absorbed in divine contemplation and practicing rigorous spiritual disciplines. He believed in staying away from material comforts and accepting hardships, a lesson he learned from Wasan Shah’s example of service and austerity.

Contributions as a Sufi Saint and Poet

As a Sufi saint, Dr. Rochal Das organized vibrant Sufi gatherings in Rohri, blending his medical service with spiritual devotion. These gatherings fostered a sense of community and spiritual upliftment, reflecting his belief in the unity of service and mysticism. He expressed his spiritual insights through poetry, authoring works such as Barani Boli (Children’s Language), Ath aur Or (Here and Beyond), and Kay Saaton Sajan San (Some Moments with the Beloved). These books, published posthumously by his son Dr. Hariram, showcase his mastery of the Sindhi language and his ability to convey profound mystical concepts in accessible terms.

Limited information is available about the content of his poetry, but it is believed to reflect themes of divine love, humility, and spiritual awakening, common in Sufi literature. His saying, “When the tongue is silent, the journey to the beloved begins,” underscores his emphasis on inner devotion over outward recognition.

Family and Legacy

Dr. Rochal Das married into the Pamanani Bajaj family in 1901, a union arranged by Wasan Shah, reflecting the saint’s affection for him. His son, Dr. Hariram, played a crucial role in preserving his father’s legacy. After the partition of India in 1947, Dr. Hariram relocated to Shanti Nagar, Kalyan Camp 3, in India, where he continued practicing medicine and published his father’s literary works.

Dr. Rochal Das passed away on December 10, 1957, in India, leaving behind a legacy of selfless service, spiritual wisdom, and literary contributions. His charitable hospital, later managed by Dr. Ghaneshyamdas, his brother-in-law and classmate, continued to serve the community. His life remains a testament to the power of integrating professional dedication with spiritual pursuit.

Conclusion

Dr. Rochal Das, or Sai Rochaldas Sahib, stands as a revered figure in the history of Rohri and Sindh. His charitable medical practice, spiritual gatherings, and poetic works reflect a life dedicated to serving humanity and seeking divine truth. His influence continues through his family’s contributions and the enduring inspiration of his teachings. As a Sufi saint and poet, he bridged the material and spiritual worlds, leaving a legacy that resonates with those who value compassion and mysticism.

References

1. Rizvi, I. H. S. (2025). Information provided by Imdad Hussain Shah Rizvi via a Facebook post about Dr. Rochal Das and his family (specific post not publicly accessible).

2. Hari, R.M. (Author). "Some Moments With the Master: Spiritual Dialogues With The Sufi Saint Dr. Rochaldas." Available at: Lehmanns.de and Archive.org.

3. Discover Rohri - The Ancient City of Sindh. Retrieved from www.rohri.net.

Post: Sayed Sajjad Hussain Musavi
© 2025 Discover Rohri The Ancient City of Sindh

#SufiSaint, #SindhiPoetry, #Rohri, #DrRochalDas

Government Announces Eid al-Adha Holidays 2025

The government of Pakistan has declared a five-day public holiday for Eid al-Adha 2025, allowing citizens to celebrate this significant Islamic festival with family and friends.

Eid al-Adha 2025 Family Celebration in Pakistan

Holiday Dates

The holidays will be observed from Thursday, June 5, to Monday, June 9, 2025, as announced by the Cabinet on May 2, 2025.

Official Announcement

The announcement was made during a Cabinet meeting led by Acting Prime Minister Sheikh Fahad Yusuf Al Sabah. All state bodies and public institutions will remain closed, with employees resuming work on Tuesday, June 10, 2025.

Significance of Eid al-Adha

Eid al-Adha, known as the "Festival of Sacrifice," commemorates Prophet Ibrahim’s willingness to sacrifice his son in obedience to God. It occurs on the 10th day of Dhu al-Hijjah.

Celebration Details

Celebrations include special prayers, sharing meals, and performing Qurbani (animal sacrifice). Many also exchange gifts and visit relatives.

Plan Your Eid

With a five-day break, citizens can plan travel, family gatherings, or community events to mark the occasion.

Source: Pakistan Today

Post: Sayed Sajjad Hussain Musavi

© 2025 Discover Rohri The Ancient City of Sindh

#EidAlAdha2025

Exploring the Life and Works of Syed Zawar Hussain Shah

Syed Zawar Hussain Shah: A Renowned Sindhi Poet and Scholar

Introduction

Syed Zwar Hussain Shah - Sindhi Poet and Scholar

Syed Zawar Hussain Shah, a renowned Sindhi poet and distinguished religious scholar, remains a celebrated figure in the cultural and spiritual heritage of Sindh. Hailing from the prestigious Kotai Syed family of Rohri, his contributions to Sindhi literature and Islamic scholarship have earned him lasting recognition. This article explores his life, literary achievements, religious influence, and enduring legacy.

Early Life and Education

Syed Zawar Hussain Shah was born on 8th Zilqad 1343 AH (31st May 1925 AD) in the village of 'Sara' near Rohri, Sindh. He belonged to the Rizvi Kotai Syeds of Rohri, with a lineage tracing back to Imam Ali al-Naqi (peace be upon him). His detailed family tree reflects a rich heritage of scholarship and piety. He pursued his initial education in Rohri, laying the groundwork for his future as a poet and religious scholar.

Career and Contributions

A multifaceted personality, Syed Zawar Hussain Shah excelled as a scholar, orator, and poet. His powerful oratory skills took him beyond Sindh to Punjab and other regions, where he captivated audiences with his eloquence. In recognition of his religious and literary services, he was honored with the title 'Zigham-e-Sindh' by Punjab’s scholars and poets.

In Sindhi literature, he was a prolific poet, exploring forms such as marsiya, noha, salam, qaseeda, manqabat, ghazal, and kaafi. His prose writings also showcased his command over the Sindhi language. Some of his prominent works include:

• 'Nuskha-e-Rah-e-Sawab': A poetry collection featuring manajat, hamd, naat, qaseeda, manqabat, salam, noha, ghazal, kaafi, and laada, compiled by Syed Kausar Abbas Rizvi and published in 2010.
• 'Haqiqi Bint-e-Rasool fi Rad Qurat-ul-Ain al-Rasool': A two-volume work published in 1966 by Panchtani Imamiya Press, Hyderabad.
• 'Taboot': A book about the Taboot of Imam Hussain (peace be upon him), published in 1969.
• 'Ali Wali Allah': A scholarly publication from 1971 by Panchtani Imamiya Press.

Legacy and Impact

Syed Zawar Hussain Shah passed away on 14th Rabi-ul-Sani 1398 AH (14th March 1978 AD) and was laid to rest in the courtyard of his ancestral Imam Bargah 'Bargah-e-Najaf' in Rohri. His literary and religious legacy endures through his preserved works, maintained by his nephew, Syed Kausar Abbas Shah Rizvi. His contributions remain a valuable asset to Sindhi literature and a source of inspiration for future generations.

References and Further Reading

For more insights into Syed Zwar Hussain Shah’s life and works, explore these resources:

• Qureshi, Dr. Hamed Ali Khanai. Tazkira Kotai Sadat Rohri.
• Rizvi, Syed Kausar Abbas (Ed.). Nuskha-e-Rah-e-Sawab. (2010).
• Haqiqi Bint-e-Rasool Fi Radd Qurrah al-Ayn al-Rasool. (1966).
• Taboot. (1969).
• Ali Wali Allah. (1971).

Post: Sayed Sajjad Hussain Musavi

© 2025 Discover Rohri The Ancient City of Sindh

#SyedZwarHussainShah, #SindhiLiterature, #ReligiousScholar, #IslamicScholarship, #SindhCulture