Upper Sindh Fish Hatchery: A Pillar of Sustainable Aquaculture in Pakistan

Nestled near Mando Dero in taluka Rohri, the Upper Sindh Fish Hatchery is a 100-acre marvel established under the Sindh Agriculture Development Project. This initiative, launched to bolster aquaculture in Pakistan, began its breeding operations in July 1986, with full infrastructure completion by June 1988. Today, it stands as a vital hub for fish production, supporting local farmers, enhancing food security, and preserving the region’s aquatic biodiversity. This article delves into the hatchery’s operations, its impact, and the iconic species it nurtures, offering insights for aquaculture enthusiasts, eco-tourists, and sustainability advocates.

The Genesis and Growth of the Hatchery

The Upper Sindh Fish Hatchery was conceptualized to address the growing demand for fish in Sindh, a region rich in aquatic resources but challenged by overfishing and environmental pressures. Funded by the Sindh Agriculture Department, the project aimed to provide farmers with affordable, high-quality fish hatchlings to reduce reliance on wild stocks. In its first year, the hatchery produced an impressive three million hatchlings, a number that climbed to 5.8 million by 1995-96, reflecting its rapid success.

The hatchery specializes in breeding commercially valuable species such as Rohu (Labeo rohita), Mori (Cirrhinus mrigala), and Gulfam (Cyprinus carpio), which are sold to farmers at a 2:1 ratio to ensure balanced stocking. These hatchlings are offered at nominal rates, making aquaculture accessible to small-scale farmers. The facility’s strategic location near the Indus River provides access to clean water, essential for maintaining healthy breeding conditions.

Fish Species of the Upper Sindh Region

The hatchery and the surrounding Indus River ecosystem are home to a diverse array of fish species, each with cultural, economic, and ecological significance. Below is a detailed look at the prominent species:

• Rohu (Labeo rohita)
  Local Names: Kurh’hro or Dhamb’bro (ڪُرڙو مڇِي), Rehu (رہو مچھلی)

  

  
  
  Description: A large omnivorous carp found in South Asian rivers, Rohu is a cornerstone of aquaculture due to its fast growth and palatable flesh. It thrives in warm waters and is a staple in Pakistani cuisine.
  Economic Impact: Rohu accounts for a significant portion of the hatchery’s output, supporting both local markets and export potential.
• Mori (Cirrhinus mrigala)
  Local Names: Morakhi or Moree (موری and موری)

  

  
  
  Description: The Mrigal Carp is a ray-finned fish native to northern Pakistan. It is hardy, adaptable, and widely cultivated for its high yield.
  Cultural Significance: Mori is a popular choice for traditional Sindhi dishes, valued for its texture and flavor.
• Palla (Tenualosa ilisha)
  Local Names: Pallu Machhi (Sindhi), Pallah Macchi (Urdu)
  

  Description: A herring species known as hilsa or ilish, Palla is celebrated for its rich, oily flesh. It migrates from marine to freshwater environments, making it a prized catch in the Indus River.
  Culinary Role: Palla is a cultural icon in Sindh, often prepared as a delicacy during festivals.
• Mali (Wallago attu)
  Local Names: Mali Macchi (Sindhi مالی and Urdu مالعی)

  
  

  
  
  Description: This freshwater catfish, also known as the helicopter catfish, is native to South and Southeast Asia. Its large size and predatory nature make it a unique species in the region.
  Market Value: Mali is sought after in local markets, though its cultivation is less common due to its specific habitat needs.

The Indus River Dolphin: A Symbol of Biodiversity

The Upper Sindh region is also home to the Indus River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica minor), locally called Bhulan in Sindhi and Urdu. This endangered cetacean, one of only four river dolphin species globally, is a testament to the region’s ecological richness. With an estimated population of fewer than 2,000, the Indus Dolphin faces threats from habitat degradation and water pollution. The Upper Sindh Fish Hatchery indirectly supports dolphin conservation by promoting sustainable aquaculture, which reduces pressure on wild fish populations—a key food source for the dolphin.

Conservation efforts, led by organizations like the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Pakistan, include habitat restoration and community awareness programs. Visitors to the region can engage with these initiatives to learn about the dolphin’s plight and the importance of preserving the Indus ecosystem.

The Hatchery’s Broader Impact

The Upper Sindh Fish Hatchery is more than a breeding facility; it’s a catalyst for economic and environmental progress. Its key contributions include:

• Economic Empowerment: By supplying affordable hatchlings, the hatchery enables farmers to establish or expand fish farms, creating jobs and boosting rural economies.
• Food Security: Increased fish production supports local markets, providing a reliable source of protein for communities.
• Sustainability: The hatchery’s controlled breeding reduces overfishing in the Indus River, preserving wild stocks and supporting biodiversity.
• Research and Innovation: The facility serves as a hub for studying fish breeding techniques, water quality management, and sustainable aquaculture practices.

Challenges and Future Prospects

Despite its successes, the hatchery faces challenges such as funding constraints, climate change impacts on water availability, and the need for modernized equipment. Addressing these issues could further enhance its output and reach. Future plans may include expanding the range of species bred, introducing advanced hatchery technologies, and strengthening ties with international aquaculture networks.

How to Engage with the Upper Sindh Fish Hatchery

• For Farmers: Contact the Sindh Agriculture Department to access hatchlings and technical support for fish farming.
• For Eco-Tourists: Visit Mando Dero to explore the hatchery and nearby Indus River sites, including dolphin-watching tours organized by local conservation groups.
• For Researchers: Collaborate with the Sindh Agriculture Development Project to study aquaculture trends and their environmental impact.
• For Advocates: Support WWF Pakistan’s Indus Dolphin conservation programs through donations or volunteer work.

Conclusion

The Upper Sindh Fish Hatchery is a shining example of how aquaculture can drive economic growth, food security, and environmental stewardship. By nurturing species like Rohu, Mori, Palla, and Mali, and supporting the conservation of the Indus River Dolphin, the hatchery plays a pivotal role in Sindh’s sustainable development. Whether you’re a farmer seeking affordable hatchlings, a traveler eager to explore Sindh’s biodiversity, or a sustainability enthusiast, the Upper Sindh Fish Hatchery offers a wealth of opportunities to engage and inspire.

Conclusion

The Upper Sindh Fish Hatchery is a shining example of how aquaculture can drive economic growth, food security, and environmental stewardship. By nurturing species like Rohu, Mori, Palla, and Mali, and supporting the conservation of the Indus River Dolphin, the hatchery plays a pivotal role in Sindh’s sustainable development. Whether you’re a farmer seeking affordable hatchlings, a traveler eager to explore Sindh’s biodiversity, or a sustainability enthusiast, the Upper Sindh Fish Hatchery offers a wealth of opportunities to engage and inspire.

Tags: Upper Sindh Fish Hatchery Aquaculture Pakistan Rohu Fish Mori Fish Palla Fish Mali Fish Indus River Dolphin Sustainable Aquaculture Sindh Fisheries Fish Farming

Hashtags: #UpperSindhHatchery #AquaculturePakistan #IndusDolphin #SustainableFishing #SindhAgriculture #FishFarming

Source References:
Sindh Agriculture Development Project Reports (1986-1996)
WWF Pakistan, “Indus River Dolphin Conservation”
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), “Aquaculture in Pakistan”
Local Fisheries Data, Sindh Agriculture Department

Post: Sayed Sajjad Hussain Musavi

© 2025 Discover Rohri The Ancient City of Sindh

Sukkur Announces Public Holiday for Annual Urs of Hazrat Fakir Qadir Bakhsh Bidl Rohrdai on May 14, 2025

Sukkur Announces Public Holiday for Annual Urs of Hazrat Fakir Qadir Bux Bedil Bekas Rohri on May 14, 2025

Introduction

The Deputy Commissioner of Sukkur has announced a public holiday on Wednesday, May 14, 2025, to commemorate the annual Urs of Hazrat Fakir Qadir Bux Bedil Bekus Rohri, a revered Sufi saint and poet. This holiday allows residents and visitors to fully participate in the three-day celebration at the saint’s shrine in Rohri, Sindh, a cornerstone of the region’s spiritual and cultural heritage. The Urs, expected to occur from May 12 to 14, 2025, draws thousands to honor Bedil’s legacy through prayers, poetry, and communal gatherings.

Biography of Hazrat Fakir Qadir Bakhsh Bedil Bekas Rohri

Born in 1814 in Rohri, Sindh, Hazrat Fakir Qadir Bux Bedil Rohri, also known as Qadir Bux Bedil, was originally named Mian Abdul Qadir Qureshi. He adopted the name Bedil, meaning “one bereft of heart,” out of reverence for Abdul Qadir Jilani. Raised in a pious family, his father, Khalifa Muhammad Mohsin, was a disciple of Sayed Mir Janullah Shah Rizvi, a prominent saint. Bedil lived a simple life, adhering strictly to Shariah law and giving generously to the needy. Despite a physical deformity in one foot, he traveled extensively to pay homage at shrines, including those of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar in Sehwan and Sachal Sarmast in Daraza.

Bedil’s spiritual journey was shaped by the Sufi doctrine of progressing from Ishq-e-Majazi (platonic love) to Ishq-e-Haqiqi (spiritual love). His devotion to Sufism and his literary contributions made him a towering figure in Sindhi culture, revered by both Muslims and Hindus. He passed away on January 15, 1873, leaving a profound legacy that continues to inspire.

Literary Contributions

Recognized as Sindh’s most voluminous poet, Bedil authored 23 books of prose and poetry in Persian, Sindhi, Saraiki, Arabic, and Urdu. His notable works include:

• Wahdat Namo (Book of Union): A profound exploration of Sufi mysticism.
• Surood Namo (Book of Melody): A collection of mystical poetry.
• Masanavi Riyaz-ul-faqr: A poetic work on spiritual poverty and devotion.
• Punj Gunj: A compilation of spiritual insights.
• Diwan-e-Bedil: Collections in Sindhi and Persian.

Scholar Nabi Bux Khan Baloch hailed Bedil as the last Sufi saint to write extensively on Tasawuf (mysticism) and Sindh’s history. Bedil was the first to document the history of Jhok Sharif and the martyrdom of Sufi Shah Inayat Shaheed. His elegy for Sachal Sarmast, with verses like “Wonderful was the magic of love in Daraza, my friend Sachu was there, the intoxicated seeker and the Gnostic,” remains a literary masterpiece. The Bedel Memorial Committee has published 29 research books and 19 journals on his works, underscoring his enduring influence.

Significance of the Urs

In Sufi tradition, the Urs, meaning “wedding,” celebrates a saint’s spiritual union with the divine upon their passing. The Urs of Hazrat Fakir Qadir Bakhsh Bidl Rohrdai, held annually on the 14th, 15th, and 16th of Dhu al-Qi’dah, attracts thousands to his shrine in Rohri, also known as the Bedil-Bekas shrine, as it houses the tomb of his son, Muhammad Mohsin Bekas. The event blends spirituality and culture, featuring:

• Mehfil-e-Samaa: Sufi music and devotional performances.
• Mehfil-e-Mushaira: Poetry recitals by national poets.
• Adabi Conference: Literary discussions on Bedil’s works.
• Langar: Free meals symbolizing communal harmony.

These activities, supported by local residents and officials, foster unity and reflection, reinforcing Sindh’s Sufi heritage.

Details of the 2025 Urs

The 2025 Urs or Melo (death anniversary celebration) is expected to take place from May 12 to 14, aligning with the 14th to 16th of Dhu al-Qi’dah, based on the Islamic lunar calendar. Dhu al-Qi’dah is projected to begin on April 29 or 30, 2025, though exact dates depend on moon sightings. The public holiday on May 14, declared by Sukkur’s Deputy Commissioner, facilitates participation in the final day’s ceremonies, including prayers and Sufi music performances.

Past Urs celebrations, such as the 142nd Urs in 2010, featured significant events like the inauguration by federal ministers and announcements of grants for cultural projects, such as a Rs20 million auditorium and library. Similar arrangements are anticipated for 2025, with enhanced security and logistical support to accommodate large crowds.

Table: Key Details of the 2025 Urs

Aspect	Details
Dates	May 12–14, 2025 (14th–16th Dhu al-Qi’dah, subject to moon sighting)
Location	Bedil-Bekas Shrine, Rohri, Sindh
Public Holiday	May 14, 2025, in Sukkur district
Activities	Mehfil-e-Samaa, Mehfil-e-Mushaira, Adabi Conference, Langar
Significance	Honors Bedil’s spiritual and literary legacy

Conclusion

The Urs of Hazrat Fakir Qadir Bux Bedil Bekus Rohri is a cherished celebration of Sindh’s Sufi and literary heritage. The public holiday on May 14, 2025, underscores Sukkur’s dedication to this tradition, inviting devotees and visitors to engage in spiritual and cultural activities at the Rohri shrine. Bedil’s teachings of love, unity, and devotion continue to resonate, ensuring his legacy endures for future generations.

Citations

• Qadir Bux Bedil Biography - Wikipedia
• Islamic Calendar 2025 - Islamic Relief UK
• Rs20m for Bedil Bekus Auditorium and Library - Express Tribune
• Demise of Faqir Qadir Bakhsh Bedel - Daily Notable

Post : Sayed Sajjad Hussain Musavi

© 2025 Discover Rohri The Ancient City of Sindh

Exploring the Rich History of Kot Diji Fort: A Comprehensive Guide

Kot Diji Fort

Exploring the Rich History of Kot Diji Fort: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

Nestled in the heart of Sindh, Pakistan, Kot Diji Fort, also known as Fort Ahmadabad, stands as a testament to the region’s rich historical and cultural heritage. Perched atop a 110-foot limestone hill in Khairpur District, this 18th-century fortress was built by Mir Sohrab Khan Talpur between 1785 and 1795. Beyond its military significance, the fort sits above a pre-Harappan archaeological site dating back to 2500–2800 BCE, linking it to the ancient Indus Valley Civilization. This article explores the fort’s history, architecture, archaeological importance, and practical tips for visitors.

Historical Background

The Talpur Dynasty and Mir Sohrab Khan

The Talpur dynasty ruled Sindh from 1783 until the British conquest in 1843, and Kot Diji Fort is a hallmark of their legacy. Founded by Mir Sohrab Khan Talpur, the dynasty sought to consolidate power in Upper Sindh amidst regional conflicts. Mir Sohrab, who reigned from 1783 to 1830, commissioned the fort’s construction in 1785, completing it in 1795 after a decade of meticulous work. The fort, strategically located on a hill at the southern end of the Rohri Hills, was designed to protect the region from invasions, particularly from armies approaching from the east toward the fertile Indus River plains.

The fort’s construction reflects the Talpurs’ military foresight and architectural ambition. It served as a symbol of their authority, housing administrative functions and a small regal residence. Its robust design ensured it could withstand sieges, making it a key stronghold in the Talpur defense network.

Strategic Importance

Kot Diji Fort’s elevated position provided a vantage point for surveillance and defense. The hill’s steep slopes acted as a natural barrier, while the fort’s high walls and limited access points made it nearly impregnable. Historical records suggest the fort was divided into three sections among the Talpurs, indicating its role as a shared administrative and military hub. Its proximity to the Thar Desert and the Indus River further enhanced its strategic value, allowing the Talpurs to monitor trade routes and potential threats.

Architectural Features

Kot Diji Fort is an architectural marvel, blending functionality with aesthetic elegance. Its 30-foot-tall walls encircle the hill’s summit, forming a narrow fortress with a 1.8-kilometer perimeter. The fort’s sole entrance, the “Shahi Darwaza” (Royal Gate), is a large wooden structure embedded with iron spikes to deter elephant attacks—a common warfare tactic in the region during the 18th century.

Inside, the fort features three 50-foot-tall towers, likely used for surveillance or defense. The layout includes inner passages, a water reservoir for self-sufficiency during sieges, munition storage, a prison, a courtroom, and security cells. A small regal residence within the fort suggests it housed royalty or high-ranking officials. The use of limestone and stone rubble in construction highlights the fort’s durability, while its elevated position offers panoramic views of the surrounding landscape, making it a photographer’s delight.

Archaeological Significance

The Kot Diji Culture

Beneath Kot Diji Fort lies a prehistoric mound, part of the Kot Diji archaeological site, which dates to 2500–2800 BCE. This site is a cornerstone of the Kot Diji Culture, an Early Harappan Phase (c. 3300–2800 BCE) of the Indus Valley Civilization. Excavations in the 1950s by F.A. Khan revealed evidence of early urban planning, including a citadel on high ground and a lower town, constructed with unbaked mud-bricks.

Artifacts from the site include pottery with black-painted designs on red slip, terracotta figurines, bronze arrowheads, stone implements, and early forms of the Indus script. These findings indicate that Kot Diji was a significant center during the formative stages of the Indus Valley Civilization, influencing the development of the mature Harappan phase. The site’s pottery, featuring horizontal and wavy lines, evolved into more complex Harappan designs like fish scales and pipal leaf patterns.

Connection to the Indus Valley Civilization

The Kot Diji Culture is considered a precursor to the Harappan civilization, with cultural continuity evident in urban layouts and artifact styles. The site’s proximity to Mohenjo-daro, one of the largest cities of the Indus Civilization, underscores its regional importance. Other related sites, such as Amri, Rehman Dheri, and Kunal, share similar cultural traits, suggesting a network of early urban centers. The presence of standardized weights and possible early script at Kot Diji highlights its role in the civilization’s economic and administrative systems.

Visiting Kot Diji Fort

Getting There

Kot Diji Fort is located 25 kilometers south of Khairpur, Sindh, and approximately 435 kilometers from Karachi, a 6-hour drive. Visitors can reach the fort via private car or public transport from Hyderabad or Sukkur.

Best Time to Visit

The ideal time to visit is between October and March, when cooler temperatures make exploration comfortable. Summers in Sindh can be scorching, so plan accordingly.

What to Bring

• Comfortable Footwear: The fort involves climbing stairs and navigating inclined pathways.
• Water and Sunscreen: The site is exposed, with limited shade.
• Camera: The fort’s scenic views and rugged charm are perfect for photography.

Tips for Visitors

Hiring a local guide can enrich your experience with insights into the fort’s history and archaeological significance. Respect the site’s heritage status by avoiding littering or damaging structures. The fort is a protected site under the Government of Pakistan, though some portions are controlled by local families, so be mindful of restricted areas.

• Tags: Kot Diji Fort, Pakistan history, Sindh tourism, historical forts, Indus Valley Civilization, travel Pakistan
• Categories: Travel, History, Pakistan Tourism, Cultural Heritage

#KotDijiFort #PakistanTravel #SindhHistory #HistoricalForts #TravelPakistan #IndusValleyCivilization #ExploreSindh

Conclusion

Kot Diji Fort is a captivating blend of medieval military architecture and ancient archaeological significance. From the Talpur dynasty’s strategic vision to the Kot Diji Culture’s contributions to the Indus Valley Civilization, the fort tells a story of resilience and cultural richness. Plan your visit to this heritage site and uncover the layers of Pakistan’s past.

Post : Sayed Sajjad Hussain Musavi

© 2025 Discover Rohri The Ancient City of Sindh

Theft at Moa-e-Mubarak Shrine in Rohri: A Desecration of Sacred Heritage

Theft at Moe-e-Mubarak Shrine in Rohri: A Desecration of Sacred Heritage

Published on May 12, 2025

Understanding Moe-e-Mubarak: The Sacred Relic

Black and white photograph from early 20th century.

Close-up of the broken main gate lock at the Moe-e-Mubarak shrine following a recent theft attempt, highlighting the desecration of this sacred site.

The term "Moe-e-Mubarak" translates to "Blessed Hair" or "Holy Hair" in English, referring to a sacred hair from the beard of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). The word "Mubarak," meaning "blessed" or "auspicious" in Arabic, underscores the relic’s spiritual significance. This relic is highly revered in Islam, and shrines housing such relics are considered among the most sacred sites. The Moe-e-Mubarak shrine, also known as War Mubarak, in Rohri, Pakistan, is one such revered site, attracting devotees from across Sindh.

History and Significance of the Moe-e-Mubarak Shrine

The Moe-e-Mubarak shrine in Rohri, Sindh, Pakistan, is a testament to centuries of spiritual and cultural heritage. The shrine houses a hair from the beard of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), brought to Sindh from Istanbul by Makhdoom Abdul Baqi Bakhari in 1545. According to historical accounts, Bakhari, the son-in-law of Sheikh Nizam-u-ddin, a descendant of Hazrat Abu Bakar, received the hair as a dowry gift from his wife’s father, who had acquired it from Constantinople. Initially concealed, the relic’s presence was revealed in a dream to Syed Hyder Shah Haqqani and Makhdoom Abdul Malik, as documented in Zahur Nama by Muhammad Ali Talib (1858).

The shrine was opened for public access in 1545, and during the Kalhora period, Mir Muhammad Kalhoro, the younger brother of Yar Muhammad Kalhoro, constructed an impressive domed structure over it. The relic is preserved in a gold- and jewel-encrusted casket, a gift from Mir Ali Murad Khan Talpur, ruler of Khairpur State. Architecturally, the shrine features a square plan with a heavy green dome on an elevated polygonal drum, adorned with kashi tiles. Adjacent to the shrine is the Jami Mosque War Mubarak, built in 1583 by Fateh Khan, the Mughal Nawab of Bakkhar during Akbar’s reign, also decorated with kashi tiles.

Black and white photograph from early 20th century.

Close-up of the kashi tile facade and green dome of the Moe-e-Mubarak shrine in Rohri, highlighting its intricate design and historical craftsmanship.

The shrine opens after Friday prayers and during the first ten days of Dhu’l-Hijjah, drawing devotees from various parts of Sindh. It is not only a place of worship but also a symbol of the region’s rich spiritual and historical legacy, located near Rohri Railway Station towards Sukkur.

Aspect	Details
Shrine Name	Moe-e-Mubarak/War Mubarak
Location	Rohri, Sindh, near Rohri Railway Station towards Sukkur
Relic	Hair from the Prophet Muhammad’s beard (PBUH)
Public Opening	1545
Key Historical Figure	Makhdoom Abdul Baqi Bakhari, brought relic from Constantinople in 1545
Architectural Features	Square plan, green dome, kashi tile facade
Associated Mosque	Jami Mosque War Mubarak, built in 1583 by Fateh Khan
Visiting Hours	After Friday prayers, first ten days of Dhu’l-Hijjah

The Recent Theft Attempt: A Desecration of Sacred Heritage

In a shocking act of desecration, thieves recently attempted to break into the Moe-e-Mubarak shrine in Rohri. Using an iron rod, they broke the main gate lock and targeted the historical silver door lock, a cherished artifact symbolizing the shrine’s heritage. Despite their efforts to completely break the door, it remained in its original state, preventing access to the inner sanctum where the sacred relic is housed. Remarkably, the thieves could not climb the stairs leading to the relic, leaving the inner sanctum untouched.

The Makhdoom family, the traditional caretakers of the shrine, expressed profound shame and sorrow, noting that such an incident had never occurred in their lifetime. A family member stated, “As you can see, the door is in its original state. They have tried to break it completely. The lock has also been broken. But, miraculously, the thieves were not able to get inside. It is a great shame for our family. This is a big thing for us. This has never happened in our life. Allah has blinded them in such a way that they could not even break the lock and reach the safe place. They could not even climb the stairs. Allah has blinded them. This is the most important area of Rohri.”

  Ubaidullah Qureshi, a respected figure associated with the shrine, expressed profound grief, describing the act as an unprecedented violation of the shrine’s sanctity. He noted the emotional toll on the community, emphasizing that the shrine, located in one of the most important areas of Rohri, had never faced such a tragedy.

Following the incident, Provincial Minister Syed Naser Hussain Shah, Chairman District Council Sukkur Syed Kamil Haider Shah, accompanied by Muhammad Aslam Memon, President of the Pakistan Peoples Party Rohri City, and councilors Suhail Ahmed Soomro and Ibrahim Thaim, visited the site to assess the situation. They expressed deep sorrow and assured the shrine’s administration that a thorough investigation would be conducted to bring the culprits to justice. SSP Sukkur Azhar Mughal took immediate notice and personally oversaw the inquiry, leading to the arrest of a suspect named Abid Mirani, who was found in possession of stolen items from the shrine.

Aftermath of Theft Attempt

Close-up of the broken main gate lock...

Aftermath of Theft Attempt

Aftermath of Theft Attempt

Community Outrage and Calls for Justice

The attempted theft has shaken the faith of devotees and sparked outrage among the local community. The emotional response from the Makhdoom family and Ubaidullah Qureshi underscores the deep connection that locals have with the shrine, viewing it as a symbol of spiritual and cultural identity. The community has rallied together, demanding stringent measures to prevent such incidents in the future. The incident has highlighted the need for enhanced security measures at historical and religious sites across Pakistan. The Moe-e-Mubarak shrine, with its centuries-old legacy, deserves protection to preserve its sanctity and historical value for future generations.

Moving Forward: Restoring Faith and Security

inspecting the Moe-e-Mubarak shrine after a theft attempt, expressing concern and planning next steps

The swift action by the police and the commitment from provincial authorities have provided some reassurance to the community. The arrest of the suspect and the recovery of stolen items are positive developments, but the emotional scars left by this act of desecration will take time to heal. The shrine’s administration has been urged to implement robust security protocols, including surveillance systems and reinforced locks, to safeguard its treasures.

As investigations continue, the people of Rohri and devotees worldwide await justice. The collective efforts of the community, authorities, and shrine administration will be crucial in restoring the sanctity of this revered site, ensuring that the Moe-e-Mubarak shrine remains a beacon of spiritual heritage.

Moe-e-Mubarak War Mubarak Rohri Theft Shrine Desecration Pakistan News Historical Shrine Makhdoom Family

References: Historical information from The Friday Times and "Sukkur: Then and Now" by Muhammad Siddique G. Memon. Incident details based on local reports, statements from the Makhdoom family, Ubaidullah Qureshi, Sayed Sajjad Hussain Shah Musavi, Sayed Abdul Hussain Shah Musavi, Sayed Imdad Hussain Shah Rizvi Kotai, and official updates from SSP Sukkur Azhar Mughal. Additional historical context from Zahur Nama by Muhammad Ali Talib (1858).

Hashtags: #MoeEMubarak #WarMubarak #RohriTheft #ShrineDesecration #PakistanNews #HistoricalHeritage #MakhdoomFamily

Exploring the Sacred Kalka Devi Cave Temple in Pakistan

Panoramic View of Kalka Hills

Published on May 10, 2025

The Historical and Spiritual Significance of Kalka Devi Cave

Ancient Cave Entrance of Kalka Devi Temple

Nestled in the rugged Kalka hills, approximately one mile south of the ancient city of Alore (now Rohri) in Sindh, Pakistan, lies the revered Kalka Devi Cave Temple. This natural cave, steeped in history and spirituality, is a significant pilgrimage site for Hindu devotees and a testament to Pakistan’s rich cultural heritage. Known as the Asthan of Kalka Devi, the temple is dedicated to Goddess Kali, embodying power and divine strength in the Shasthi language, where "Kalka" translates to "power."

The temple is believed to have been a sacred site for centuries, with its origins tied to a devout woman named Kalka who resided in these caves. Her spiritual practices sanctified the area, leading to the hills being named Kalka Hills during the Roe Dynasty. The site became a revered temple dedicated to Goddess Kali, with legends suggesting her appearance during the Hinglaj Yatra, blessing the cave with divine energy.

Rituals and Devotee Practices

The Kalka Devi Cave Temple is a vibrant center of devotion, particularly on the first Monday of every month, when Hindu devotees gather to pay homage to Kalka Devi. This ritual involves offerings, prayers, and the lighting of oil lamps, creating a serene atmosphere. During the Navratri festival, celebrated in spring and autumn, the temple hosts a large fair, attracting thousands who sing hymns in praise of Goddess Durga, an incarnation of Kali.

Architectural and Cultural Charm

The temple’s natural cave setting, with a low ceiling and ash-grey walls, adds to its mystical aura. The main entrance, five to six feet high, leads to a sacred space adorned with sculptures of Kalka Devi. The priest presides over rituals beside the deity’s idol, often depicted with a dagger and a severed head. The temple’s proximity to historical sites like the Bin Qasim Mosque and Sadh Belo Temple makes it a key part of Sindh’s heritage.

Tips for Visiting Kalka Devi Cave Temple

• Best Time to Visit: Plan your visit during Navratri or the first Monday of any month.
• How to Reach: The temple is 23 kilometers from Sukkur, accessible by local transport or private vehicles.
• What to Expect: Be prepared for a low-roofed cave and carry offerings like flowers or incense.
• Respect Local Customs: Both Hindu and Muslim devotees visit, so maintain respect for all practices.

Cultural Harmony: Hindu and Muslim Visitors

Mystical Cave Interior with Offerings

Goddess Kali Idol in Sacred Darkness

Devotees Lighting Lamps During Navratri

Priest Performing Rituals at Dawn

Vibrant Navratri Fair at the Temple

Sunrise Over Kalka Devi Temple

Conclusion

The Kalka Devi Cave Temple is a symbol of Pakistan’s cultural and spiritual diversity. Its historical roots, natural beauty, and vibrant rituals make it a must-visit destination for pilgrims and travelers. Whether you’re a spiritual seeker or a history enthusiast, this sacred site offers a profound journey into Sindh’s heritage.

Tags: Kalka Devi Temple, Hindu Pilgrimage, Sindh Heritage, Goddess Kali, Pakistan Temples, Spiritual Travel

Hashtags: #KalkaDeviCave, #HinduTemplesPakistan, #SindhTravel, #GoddessKaliWorship, #SpiritualPakistan

References

• Attribute quotes to “Pujari of Kalka Devi Cave Temple, Rohri”.
• Audio clip of Pujari explaining the history of Kalka Devi Cave Temple in Sindhi
• Kalka Devi Cave Temple - Rohri
• Kalka Cave Temple - Wikipedia
• Kalka Devi Mandir, Sukkur
• Kalka Devi Temple: The Legacy of Hindu Temples in Pakistan
• Temple reflections — Asthan of Kalka Devi

© 2025 Discover Rohri The Ancient City of Sindh. All rights reserved.

The Mystical Seven Sisters of Rohri: A Historical and Cultural Exploration

Introduction

Satyan Jo Astano, also known as Sateen Jo Aastan or the Tomb of Seven Sisters, is a historical and cultural site located on the left bank of the Indus River in Rohri, Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan. This enigmatic location is not only a family graveyard of Mir Abul Qasim Namkeen, a prominent figure from the Mughal era, but it is also steeped in legends and folklore, particularly the story of seven sisters.

Historical Background

Mir Abul Qasim Namkeen was a distinguished governor of Bukkur during the reign of Emperor Akbar. He was not only a political figure but also a scholar, having authored several books. His tomb, along with those of his family members, is located at Satyan Jo Astano, with inscriptions dating from 1018 to 1301 A.H. (1609-1883 A.D.). The site's name, however, is more famously associated with the legend of the seven sisters.

Legends and Folklore

According to local folklore, seven sisters lived in Rohri and were known for their beauty and piety. They maintained strict purdah (seclusion from men) and were believed to possess supernatural powers. Various stories exist about their fate, with some saying they disappeared mysteriously, while others claim they chose death over dishonor during times of invasion. The site is also known as the 'hill of seven virgins' due to these legends.

Architectural Description

The architectural style of Satyan Jo Astano is reminiscent of the Makli Hills in Thatta, another renowned historical site in Sindh. The site features a level platform with many carved grave-stones, adorned with chain ornaments and panels inscribed with Arabic quotations from the Holy Quran. The entire space between the graves is paved, and a flight of steps leads up to the platform from the southern side. One of the most striking features is the use of enameled tile work on the tombs, which adds a colorful and intricate touch to the site. Additionally, there is a structure called 'Sathain' on the south side, consisting of a row of two shallow rooms connected by a long passage that is partly cut out of the rock and ornately decorated with colorful tiles.

Cultural and Religious Significance

Satyan Jo Astano is not just a historical site but also a place of cultural and religious importance. It is believed that the seven sisters were pure and had the ability to grant wishes or provide healing. As a result, the site is frequented by locals, particularly women, who come to offer prayers and seek blessings for various ailments and life challenges. A unique aspect of the site is a cave that is said to contain the original graves of the seven sisters. However, access to this cave is restricted to women only, adding to the mystique and reverence of the place.

Conservation Efforts

Despite its historical and cultural value, Satyan Jo Astano has faced challenges due to natural wear and tear, as well as occasional flooding from the Indus River. The site's infrastructure has suffered damage, with some areas showing signs of erosion and structural instability. Recognizing the need for preservation, the Sindh government, along with organizations like the Directorate General of Antiquities and Archaeology, has initiated conservation plans. Efforts include structural repairs, restoration of tile work, and overall maintenance to ensure that this heritage site is protected for future generations.

Ornate Grave Markers with Quranic Script at Seven Sisters' Tomb

Devotional Practices at the Mystical Seven Sisters' Tomb

Conserving Heritage: Restoring Satyan Jo Astano's Ancient Tombs

Historic Tomb of Mughal Governor Mir Abul Qasim Namkeen in Sindh

Ancient Sathain Passage: Mughal-Era Architecture in Sindh

Hidden Cave of the Seven Sisters: A Sacred Site in Rohri

Traditional Sindhi Tile Artwork at the Seven Sisters' Shrine

Conclusion

Satyan Jo Astano, with its blend of history, legend, and architecture, stands as a testament to the rich cultural heritage of Sindh. It is a place where history and mythology intertwine, offering visitors a glimpse into the past while also serving as a living cultural site for the local community. As conservation efforts continue, it is hoped that this mystical site will remain a cherished part of Pakistan's historical landscape, inviting both locals and tourists to explore its wonders.

References

Bibliography of Sindh and Regional History

• تزڪره امير خاني
  Tazkira Amir Khani
  Hyderabad: Sindhi Adabi Board, n.d.
  Note: Author and publication year unavailable; verify details.
• جنت السنڌ
  Jannat al-Sindh
  Shedai, Rahimdad Khan Molai. Hyderabad: Sindhi Adabi Board, 1993.
• تاريخ سکر
  Tarikh-e-Sukkur
  Sukkur: n.p., n.d.
  Note: Author and publisher unavailable; confirm details.
• Sukkur Then and Now
  Sukkur: n.p., n.d.
  Note: Author and publication year unavailable.
• Dry Leaves from Young Egypt
  Eastwick, Edward Backhouse. London: J. Madden, 1849.
  Note: Confirm relevance to Sindh studies.
• The Antiquities of Sindh
  Cousens, Henry. Bombay: Government of India, 1929.
• مختصر تاريخ سنڌ
  Mukhtasar Tarikh-e-Sindh
  Hyderabad: n.p., n.d.
  Note: Author unavailable; check Sindhi Adabi Board.
• تاريخ لاھور
  Tarikh-e-Lahore
  Lal, Kanhaiya. Lahore: n.p., n.d.
  Note: Confirm author; multiple texts exist.
• قديم سنڌ ان جا مشھور شھر ۽ ماڻھون
  Qadeem Sindh: An Ja Mashhoor Shehr ain Maanhoon
  Hyderabad: Sindhi Adabi Board, n.d.
  Note: Author unavailable; possibly by Nabi Bakhsh Baloch.
• تحفتہ الڪرام
  Tuhfat al-Kiram
  Qani, Mir Ali Sher. Hyderabad: Sindhi Adabi Board, n.d.
• امداد حسين شاه رضوي روھڙي
  Imdad Hussain Shah Rizvi Rohri
  Rohri: 
  Note: Unclear if title or author; clarify details.

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tag: Historical Sites, Sindh Culture, Mughal Era, Folklore, Tombs

#SatyanJoAstano, #RohriHistory, #SindhHeritage, #SevenSisters, #HistoricalSites, #CulturalHeritage, #PakistanTourism #Rohri, #Sindh, #Pakistan

Historical Ferry Boats of Rohri-Sukkur: A Journey Through Time

The Era of Steamers in 1876

In 1876, the Indus River between Rohri and Sukkur was bustling with activity, thanks to steam-powered ferry boats that facilitated transportation across the river. These boats, operated by Iranian boatmen, were a lifeline for locals, carrying passengers from one bank to the other. The fare was remarkably affordable charging one anna (equivalent to three paisas) for an adult, with half the rate for children. This efficient service was critical before the construction of bridges like the Lansdowne Bridge in 1889, which later transformed connectivity in the region. [Ref: Ayub Bridge History]

The Launch Boats of the 1960s and 1970s

Decades later, smaller ferry boats known as "launches" continued to serve the Rohri-Sukkur route. Operating from an islet near Rohri, these launches transported passengers to the vicinity of Sukkur’s Jamia Masjid and back. The fare during this period, around 1968 to 1970, ranged from four to eight annas per person. These boats were not just a mode of transport but also a nostalgic experience for many, including the author’s personal memory of traveling with their father as a child. However, by the early 1970s, these launches ceased operations, likely due to the increasing availability of modern bridges and roads.

The Nawab of Bahawalpur’s Ferry Boat

A notable relic of this era is a ferry boat once owned by the Nawab of Bahawalpur, now lying abandoned near Rahim Yar Khan. This boat, a symbol of the region’s rich history, reflects the grandeur of the princely state’s contributions to river transport. The Nawabs of Bahawalpur played a significant role in the development of southern Punjab and northern Sindh, including infrastructure like ferries and railways. [Ref: Rahim Yar Khan District]

Cultural and Historical Significance

The ferry boats of Rohri and Sukkur were more than just a means of crossing the Indus; they were a testament to the region’s vibrant trade and cultural exchange. The Iranian boatmen brought their expertise, while the Nawabs of Bahawalpur added a touch of royalty to the river’s legacy. These boats connected communities, facilitated commerce, and left behind stories that continue to resonate with locals today.

Conclusion

The history of ferry boats in Rohri and Sukkur offers a glimpse into a bygone era of river transport in Pakistan. From the Iranian-operated steamers of 1876 to the launches of the 1970s and the Nawab’s abandoned vessel near Rahim Yar Khan, these boats tell a story of connectivity, culture, and change. As modern infrastructure continues to shape the region, preserving these memories ensures that the legacy of the Indus River’s ferries lives on.

Rohri Sukkur Ferries Historical Boats Pakistan Indus River Transport Nawab Bahawalpur Rahim Yar Khan

References:

• Wikipedia: Ayub Bridge
• Wikipedia: Rahim Yar Khan District

#RohriSukkurFerries #PakistanHistory #IndusRiver #NawabBahawalpur #RahimYarKhan #HistoricalBoats