The Mystical Seven Sisters of Rohri: A Historical and Cultural Exploration
Introduction
Satyan Jo Astano, also known as Sateen Jo Aastan or the Tomb of Seven Sisters, is a historical and cultural site located on the left bank of the Indus River in Rohri, Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan. This enigmatic location is not only a family graveyard of Mir Abul Qasim Namkeen, a prominent figure from the Mughal era, but it is also steeped in legends and folklore, particularly the story of seven sisters.
Historical Background
Mir Abul Qasim Namkeen was a distinguished governor of Bukkur during the reign of Emperor Akbar. He was not only a political figure but also a scholar, having authored several books. His tomb, along with those of his family members, is located at Satyan Jo Astano, with inscriptions dating from 1018 to 1301 A.H. (1609-1883 A.D.). The site's name, however, is more famously associated with the legend of the seven sisters.
Legends and Folklore
According to local folklore, seven sisters lived in Rohri and were known for their beauty and piety. They maintained strict purdah (seclusion from men) and were believed to possess supernatural powers. Various stories exist about their fate, with some saying they disappeared mysteriously, while others claim they chose death over dishonor during times of invasion. The site is also known as the 'hill of seven virgins' due to these legends.
Architectural Description
The architectural style of Satyan Jo Astano is reminiscent of the Makli Hills in Thatta, another renowned historical site in Sindh. The site features a level platform with many carved grave-stones, adorned with chain ornaments and panels inscribed with Arabic quotations from the Holy Quran. The entire space between the graves is paved, and a flight of steps leads up to the platform from the southern side. One of the most striking features is the use of enameled tile work on the tombs, which adds a colorful and intricate touch to the site. Additionally, there is a structure called 'Sathain' on the south side, consisting of a row of two shallow rooms connected by a long passage that is partly cut out of the rock and ornately decorated with colorful tiles.
Cultural and Religious Significance
Satyan Jo Astano is not just a historical site but also a place of cultural and religious importance. It is believed that the seven sisters were pure and had the ability to grant wishes or provide healing. As a result, the site is frequented by locals, particularly women, who come to offer prayers and seek blessings for various ailments and life challenges. A unique aspect of the site is a cave that is said to contain the original graves of the seven sisters. However, access to this cave is restricted to women only, adding to the mystique and reverence of the place.
Conservation Efforts
Despite its historical and cultural value, Satyan Jo Astano has faced challenges due to natural wear and tear, as well as occasional flooding from the Indus River. The site's infrastructure has suffered damage, with some areas showing signs of erosion and structural instability. Recognizing the need for preservation, the Sindh government, along with organizations like the Directorate General of Antiquities and Archaeology, has initiated conservation plans. Efforts include structural repairs, restoration of tile work, and overall maintenance to ensure that this heritage site is protected for future generations.
Conclusion
Satyan Jo Astano, with its blend of history, legend, and architecture, stands as a testament to the rich cultural heritage of Sindh. It is a place where history and mythology intertwine, offering visitors a glimpse into the past while also serving as a living cultural site for the local community. As conservation efforts continue, it is hoped that this mystical site will remain a cherished part of Pakistan's historical landscape, inviting both locals and tourists to explore its wonders.
References
Bibliography of Sindh and Regional History
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تزڪره امير خاني
Tazkira Amir Khani
Hyderabad: Sindhi Adabi Board, n.d.
Note: Author and publication year unavailable; verify details.
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جنت السنڌ
Jannat al-Sindh
Shedai, Rahimdad Khan Molai. Hyderabad: Sindhi Adabi Board, 1993.
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تاريخ سکر
Tarikh-e-Sukkur
Sukkur: n.p., n.d.
Note: Author and publisher unavailable; confirm details.
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Sukkur Then and Now
Sukkur: n.p., n.d.
Note: Author and publication year unavailable.
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Dry Leaves from Young Egypt
Eastwick, Edward Backhouse. London: J. Madden, 1849.
Note: Confirm relevance to Sindh studies.
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The Antiquities of Sindh
Cousens, Henry. Bombay: Government of India, 1929.
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مختصر تاريخ سنڌ
Mukhtasar Tarikh-e-Sindh
Hyderabad: n.p., n.d.
Note: Author unavailable; check Sindhi Adabi Board.
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تاريخ لاھور
Tarikh-e-Lahore
Lal, Kanhaiya. Lahore: n.p., n.d.
Note: Confirm author; multiple texts exist.
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قديم سنڌ ان جا مشھور شھر ۽ ماڻھون
Qadeem Sindh: An Ja Mashhoor Shehr ain Maanhoon
Hyderabad: Sindhi Adabi Board, n.d.
Note: Author unavailable; possibly by Nabi Bakhsh Baloch.
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تحفتہ الڪرام
Tuhfat al-Kiram
Qani, Mir Ali Sher. Hyderabad: Sindhi Adabi Board, n.d.
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امداد حسين شاه رضوي روھڙي
Imdad Hussain Shah Rizvi Rohri
Rohri:
Note: Unclear if title or author; clarify details.
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tag: Historical Sites, Sindh Culture, Mughal Era, Folklore, Tombs
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