Exploring the Life and Works of Syed Zawar Hussain Shah

Syed Zawar Hussain Shah: A Renowned Sindhi Poet and Scholar

Introduction

Syed Zwar Hussain Shah - Sindhi Poet and Scholar

Syed Zawar Hussain Shah, a renowned Sindhi poet and distinguished religious scholar, remains a celebrated figure in the cultural and spiritual heritage of Sindh. Hailing from the prestigious Kotai Syed family of Rohri, his contributions to Sindhi literature and Islamic scholarship have earned him lasting recognition. This article explores his life, literary achievements, religious influence, and enduring legacy.

Early Life and Education

Syed Zawar Hussain Shah was born on 8th Zilqad 1343 AH (31st May 1925 AD) in the village of 'Sara' near Rohri, Sindh. He belonged to the Rizvi Kotai Syeds of Rohri, with a lineage tracing back to Imam Ali al-Naqi (peace be upon him). His detailed family tree reflects a rich heritage of scholarship and piety. He pursued his initial education in Rohri, laying the groundwork for his future as a poet and religious scholar.

Career and Contributions

A multifaceted personality, Syed Zawar Hussain Shah excelled as a scholar, orator, and poet. His powerful oratory skills took him beyond Sindh to Punjab and other regions, where he captivated audiences with his eloquence. In recognition of his religious and literary services, he was honored with the title 'Zigham-e-Sindh' by Punjab’s scholars and poets.

In Sindhi literature, he was a prolific poet, exploring forms such as marsiya, noha, salam, qaseeda, manqabat, ghazal, and kaafi. His prose writings also showcased his command over the Sindhi language. Some of his prominent works include:

• 'Nuskha-e-Rah-e-Sawab': A poetry collection featuring manajat, hamd, naat, qaseeda, manqabat, salam, noha, ghazal, kaafi, and laada, compiled by Syed Kausar Abbas Rizvi and published in 2010.
• 'Haqiqi Bint-e-Rasool fi Rad Qurat-ul-Ain al-Rasool': A two-volume work published in 1966 by Panchtani Imamiya Press, Hyderabad.
• 'Taboot': A book about the Taboot of Imam Hussain (peace be upon him), published in 1969.
• 'Ali Wali Allah': A scholarly publication from 1971 by Panchtani Imamiya Press.

Legacy and Impact

Syed Zawar Hussain Shah passed away on 14th Rabi-ul-Sani 1398 AH (14th March 1978 AD) and was laid to rest in the courtyard of his ancestral Imam Bargah 'Bargah-e-Najaf' in Rohri. His literary and religious legacy endures through his preserved works, maintained by his nephew, Syed Kausar Abbas Shah Rizvi. His contributions remain a valuable asset to Sindhi literature and a source of inspiration for future generations.

References and Further Reading

For more insights into Syed Zwar Hussain Shah’s life and works, explore these resources:

• Qureshi, Dr. Hamed Ali Khanai. Tazkira Kotai Sadat Rohri.
• Rizvi, Syed Kausar Abbas (Ed.). Nuskha-e-Rah-e-Sawab. (2010).
• Haqiqi Bint-e-Rasool Fi Radd Qurrah al-Ayn al-Rasool. (1966).
• Taboot. (1969).
• Ali Wali Allah. (1971).

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Mahatma Gandhi’s Visits to Sukkur and the Gandhi Arch Legacy

Introduction

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Leader of Indian Independence

Mahatma Gandhi, revered as the father of India’s non-violent independence movement, left an indelible mark on countless regions, including Sukkur in Sindh (now part of Pakistan). Known for his philosophy of ahimsa (non-violence), Gandhi visited Sukkur multiple times to rally support for India’s freedom struggle. One enduring symbol of his influence is the Mahatma Gandhi Arch, a structure built by Sukkur’s citizens to honor him, later renamed Ayub Gate. This article delves into Gandhi’s visits to Sukkur, the history of the Gandhi Arch, and his lasting legacy in the region.

Historical Mahatma Gandhi Arch in Sukkur

Gandhi’s Journeys to Sukkur

Between 1916 and 1934, Gandhi made seven documented trips to Sindh, with at least three stops in Sukkur. Historical records highlight his visits in:

• 1920 (possible early visit)
• 1922
• 1929

These visits were pivotal in spreading his message of unity, self-reliance, and resistance against British colonial rule. Gandhi’s presence in Sukkur galvanized the local population, strengthening their resolve in the independence movement.

Notable Moments from His Visits

• 1922: Gandhi arrived in Sukkur with key figures like Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Maulana Shaukat Ali. He was greeted by local leaders, including Syed Mehboob Ali Shah, who presented him with a letter of gratitude. Gandhi then proceeded to Rohri, speaking at the Seth Diyaram Dharamshala (located near 'Qademi Imambargah Mehandi Jo Pir,' beside the Indus River) might be the old name of what is now known as Shri Baba Khushi Ram Mandir.
• 1929: This visit emphasized communal harmony and non-violent resistance, further inspiring Sukkur’s residents to join the broader struggle.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak: His Role in Indian Independence and Sukkur Visit

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Indian Freedom Fighter

Maulana Shaukat Ali with Gandhi in Sukkur, 1922.

Mahatma Gandhi Honored by Syed Mehboob Ali Shah in Sukkur, 1922

Historical Seth Diyaram Dharamshala in Rohri, Sindh

Dharamshala, was built in 1930 by Seth Dayaram Jotwani

Main Gate of Seth Diyaram Dharamshala, Rohri

Seth Diyaram Dharamshala and the Seth Sugni Chand Industrial Complex in Rohri

Nestled in Rohri, Sindh, the Seth Diyaram Dharamshala stands as a historical landmark tied to the legacy of Seth Diyaram, the city’s first notable landlord and contractor. His son, Seth Sugni Chand, expanded the family’s influence as a prominent industrialist, landowner, and owner of significant properties, including the Seth Sugni Chand Industrial Complex. This complex, a hub of economic activity, faced illegal occupation after 1965 when Seth Sugni Chand relocated to Britain and later India. The main gate of the complex, a symbol of its historical significance, reflects the architectural heritage of the era. The story of Seth Diyaram and his descendants highlights Rohri’s rich history and the challenges of preserving its heritage amidst modern encroachments.

The Gandhi Arch: A Tribute in Stone

The Mahatma Gandhi Arch, constructed near the railway hospital in Sukkur, was a testament to Gandhi’s impact. Likely built during his 1922 or 1929 visit, the arch symbolized the city’s admiration for his leadership. After Pakistan’s independence in 1947, it underwent renovation around 1960 and was renamed Ayub Gate in honor of President Ayub Khan. Despite the name change, its historical ties to Gandhi endure.

Ayub Gate, originally Mahatma Gandhi Arch

Gandhi’s Influence in Sukkur

Gandhi’s teachings of non-violence and self-sufficiency such as promoting khadi (handwoven cloth) found fertile ground in Sukkur’s diverse community. His emphasis on Hindu-Muslim unity also fostered a spirit of cooperation, crucial for the independence movement’s success in Sindh.

A Snapshot of Gandhi’s Life

• Born: October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, Gujarat, India
• Career: A lawyer turned freedom fighter, Gandhi led iconic campaigns like the Dandi Salt March and Quit India Movement.
• Family: Married to Kasturba Gandhi, with four sons: Harilal, Manilal, Ramdas, and Devdas.
• Death: Assassinated on January 30, 1948, in Delhi by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist.

Conclusion

Mahatma Gandhi’s visits to Sukkur and the creation of the Gandhi Arch reflect his far-reaching influence on India’s fight for freedom. Though now called Ayub Gate, the monument remains a silent witness to his legacy in Sindh. Gandhi’s principles of peace and resilience continue to inspire generations worldwide.

References

• Sindh historical records and Molai Shedai’s writings.
• Sukkur municipal archives.
• “The Life of Mahatma Gandhi” by Louis Fischer.
• Syed Imdad Hussain Shah Rizvi, local historical records, and Sukkur municipal archives
• Photo Credit: Sayed Sajjad Hussain Shah Musavi
• Mahatma Gandhi

Further Reading

For more insights, explore:

• “Gandhi: His Life and Message for the World” by Louis Fischer
• Gandhi’s autobiography, “The Story of My Experiments with Truth”

Note: This article is intended for educational purposes, celebrating historical events without endorsing any political views.

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Syed Qalandar Bakhsh Shah: The Beloved Chhuttal Shah of Rohri

Introduction to Chhuttal Shah

Portrait of the late Syed Qalandar Bakhsh Shah, known as Chhuttal Shah,

Syed Qalandar Bakhsh Shah Rizvi, fondly known as Chhuttal Shah, was a revered figure in Rohri, Sindh, cherished for his simplicity, devotion, and deep connection with the community. Belonging to the prominent Rizvi Sadat family of the Nasrani Phari, he was a beacon of humility and spirituality. His life, marked by minimalism and kindness, left an indelible mark on the people of Rohri, who still remember him with great respect.

Early Life and Appearance

Chhuttal Shah was known for his distinctive appearance: a radiant smile, white attire, and wooden sandals. His tall, robust figure and fair complexion made him stand out, yet his demeanor was one of quiet introspection. Often immersed in his thoughts, he spoke little but carried an aura of serenity. Every evening, he would take a metal pot to fetch milk from the local dairy, a routine that became a familiar sight in Rohri.

Devotion and Community Engagement

Chhuttal Shah was deeply involved in the religious and cultural life of Rohri. During Muharram, he participated in mourning processions, walking alongside children in the taziya ceremonies, embodying his devotion to the Ahl al-Bayt. His presence in these events was a source of inspiration, and his respectful interactions earned him the admiration of all. Children affectionately called him "Cinema," to which he would playfully respond, "Cinema is mine," reflecting his lighthearted engagement with the youth.

Family Legacy and Landholdings

The Rizvi Sadat family of Nasrani Phari, to which Chhuttal Shah belonged, was one of the largest landholding families in Rohri. They owned 64,000 acres in Syedpur, Pano Aqil, until the land was confiscated by Ayub Khan’s government in 1964. Additionally, their properties in Rohri included the famous Gangoti Football Ground. (گانگوٽي) In 1888, due to complaints about neglect and overgrowth, the British administration issued notices to the family. Upon receiving no response, the land was transferred to the Rohri Municipality.

Genealogy of Chhuttal Shah

Syed Qalandar Bakhsh Shah’s lineage traces back through a distinguished line of Rizvi Sadat:

• Syed Qalandar Bakhsh Shah (Chhuttal Shah)
• Syed Ghulam Jafar Shah
• Syed Ishaq Ali Shah
• Syed Qalandar Bakhsh Shah (elder)
• Syed Noor Hussain Shah (d. January 20, 1865)
• … (continuing to Syed Sadruddin Rizvi)

Syed Noor Hussain Shah, a key ancestor, was a staunch opponent of British rule, refusing to attend ceremonies hosted by Charles Napier in Hyderabad and Sukkur in 1844. After his passing, the leadership of the Nasrani Phari passed to his son-in-law, Syed Ghulam Shah Murtaza.

Legacy and Lasting Impact

Though Chhuttal Shah passed away approximately 50 years ago, his memory remains alive in Rohri. His unmarried life, marked by simplicity and spiritual devotion, made him a unique figure. The respect he commanded from every individual in the city speaks to his character and influence. Even today, those who knew him recall his virtues with fondness, ensuring his legacy endures in the hearts of Rohri’s residents.

Conclusion

Syed Qalandar Bakhsh Shah, or Chhuttal Shah, was more than a local figure; he was a symbol of humility, devotion, and community spirit in Rohri. His life serves as a reminder of the power of simplicity and kindness in leaving a lasting legacy. The stories of his evening walks, his participation in Muharram, and his playful interactions with children continue to inspire the people of Sindh.

References

Information compiled from local accounts and historical records of Rohri’s Rizvi Sadat family, including contributions from Imdad Hussain Shah Rizvi, Rohri, and Syed Athar Abbas (Sajid Shah). No direct sources were quoted to ensure originality.

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Lieutenant Colonel Alfred Mayo: The Architect of Modern Sukkur

Lieutenant Colonel Alfred Mayo stands as a pivotal figure in the history of Sukkur, a city in Sindh, Pakistan. Serving as the Collector of Shikarpur during the late 19th century, Mayo’s innovative leadership and dedication to public welfare transformed Sukkur into a modern urban hub. From infrastructure development to crisis management during the plague epidemic, his contributions left a lasting legacy. This article explores Mayo’s life, his impactful tenure, and the enduring mark he left on Sukkur.

Early Career and Rise in Sindh

Alfred Mayo began his career with the East India Company, joining the Madras Army on June 8, 1861. By January 1863, he was posted in Karachi with HM 109 Foot. From May 23, 1865, to 1885, he served across various districts and talukas of Sindh, including Tharparkar, Shah Bandar, Karachi, Hyderabad, and the Upper Frontier (Jacobabad). This extensive exposure honed his administrative skills, setting the stage for his later achievements in Sukkur and Shikarpur.

Collector of Shikarpur: A Multifaceted Role

Mayo’s significant administrative journey in Shikarpur began in 1881 as Deputy Collector of Sukkur, followed by a stint as Acting Collector of Shikarpur. In 1885, he was appointed Collector and Magistrate of Shikarpur, also serving as the Political Agent for Khairpur State. He resumed the role of Collector from 1892 to 1897. During this period, a key shift occurred in 1883 when Shikarpur’s district headquarters moved to Sukkur due to Shikarpur’s oppressive heat and rice cultivation-related suffocation. This relocation marked the beginning of Sukkur’s rise as an administrative center.

Transforming Sukkur: Infrastructure and Innovation

Mayo’s vision for Sukkur was transformative. One of his standout achievements was the reconstruction of Bandar Road, renamed Mayo Bandar in his honor. Rebuilt with solid stone, it supported commercial steamboats and ships, enhancing trade. Rows of trees planted along the road some still standing today added both beauty and utility. His efforts extended to constructing district offices, new roads, and establishing water supply and drainage systems, modernizing the city’s framework.

Education and social welfare also thrived under Mayo. He introduced measures to advance learning and, as president of the Sukkur municipality (a role tied to the district collector), oversaw the distribution of free plots for business and residence. This progressive policy spurred economic growth and improved living standards, cementing Sukkur’s development.

Mayo Bandar: The Iconic Road Built by Alfred Mayo in Sukkur

Leading Through Crisis: The 1897 Plague Epidemic

In July 1897, a devastating plague outbreak struck the district, infecting 537 people and claiming 391 lives. The first case emerged in Dargah Gali, Rohri, leading Mayo to evacuate the area swiftly. Temporary camps were set up in Ghareeb Abad and railway coaches, while Rohri’s population relocated to Gol Ali Wah and Aror. Mayo’s relentless efforts, supported by committee members like Mr. Lux and Dr. Korkori, saved countless lives. His leadership during this crisis, coinciding with Muharram, showcased his ability to manage complex challenges.

A Leader Among the People

Mayo’s hands on approach set him apart. Famous for disguising himself at night sometimes walking, sometimes riding to inspect Sukkur, he sought unfiltered insights into local conditions. He often turned to shepherds and children for information, valuing their honesty. However, his tenure wasn’t without tension; he clashed with Murtaza Bhutto, grandfather of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. This feud gained historical significance when, in 1971, President Bhutto retrieved the Blue Book of Shikarpur and Sukkur, containing Mayo’s notes on notable figures.

A Lasting Legacy

Alfred Mayo passed away in 1913 at age 70, but his influence endures. Mayo Bandar remains a bustling commercial hub, while his initiatives in education, infrastructure, and public health shaped Sukkur’s modern identity. His compassionate governance during the plague and innovative urban planning highlight a legacy of service and progress. Mayo’s story is a powerful reminder of how visionary leadership can transform a city and inspire future generations.

Signature of Alfred Mayo, Collector of Shikarpur (1885–1897).

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Dr. Sayed Akbar Hussain Shah Musavi: Biography and Contributions

Dr. Sayed Akbar Hussain Shah Musavi: A Legacy of Service in Medicine and Social Good

Introduction

Dr. Sayed Akbar Hussain Shah Musavi: A Multifaceted Leader from Sukkur

In the historic city of Rohri, located on the east bank of the Indus River in Sukkur district, Sindh, Pakistan, Dr. Sayed Akbar Hussain Shah Musavi has emerged as a beacon of service. Born on July 24, 1947, Dr. Musavi’s life is a testament to dedication, blending his expertise as a medical professional with impactful political and social contributions. Known for his work as a doctor, a brief tenure as a member of the Sindh Provincial Assembly in 1977, and extensive social work during crises like the 1976 floods, he has left an indelible mark on his community. This biography explores his journey.

Early Life and Family Heritage

Dr. Sayed Akbar Hussain Shah Musavi was born into the Musavi Syed family, a lineage with roots tracing back to the 16th century. His family, descended from Amir Shah Bayazid Hussaini , a native of Puran Who come to Sind in A.H 928 (A.D 1521), has a storied history of scholarship and leadership in Sindh. His father, Sayed Jawwad Hussain Shah Musavi, was a retired finance official who dedicated his later years to social upliftment, establishing schools and dispensaries. His brother, Shafquat Hussain Musavi, was a prominent parliamentarian, and his uncles, Syed Atta Hussain Shah Musavi and Syed Abdul Hussain Shah Musavi, founded educational institutions in Rohri and Sukkur, respectively. Growing up in Rohri, a city with a rich history dating back to the Indus Valley Civilization (Rohri), Dr. Musavi was instilled with values of service and education.

Education

Dr. Musavi pursued his medical education at Sind University in Hyderabad, earning his M.B.B.S. degree in 1972. His academic journey equipped him with the skills to address healthcare challenges, particularly in underserved rural areas. His commitment to learning reflected the scholarly tradition of his family, setting the foundation for a career that would blend medicine with public service.

Medical Career

Dr. Musavi’s medical career began with significant roles in prestigious institutions. He served as a house surgeon in the Department of Operative Surgery at Liaquat Medical College, Jamshoro, honing his surgical skills. He then joined the National Institute of Cardio-Vascular Diseases at J.P.M.C., Karachi, working under the renowned cardiovascular surgeon Jatoi during 1973-74. His career progressed with appointments as Resident Medical Officer at Jinnah Hospital, Karachi, and Medical Officer at Civil Hospital, Sukkur. As Chief Medical Officer at the Population Planning Board in Karachi, he contributed to public health initiatives.

In a bold move, Dr. Musavi resigned from government service to volunteer as the first graduate doctor in Kandhra, a rural village in Tehsil Rohri. This decision underscored his commitment to addressing healthcare disparities in underserved areas. He continues to serve the community through his private practice in Rohri, providing accessible medical care to residents.

Political Career

In 1977, Dr. Sayed Akbar Hussain Shah Musavi was elected to the 6th Provincial Assembly of Sindh, representing constituency PS-5 Sukkur, as documented in the Wikipedia page "List of members of the 6th Provincial Assembly of Sindh." Running as a candidate for the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), he secured a resounding victory in the General Election of 1977, garnering 46,432 votes against his opponent, Faqir Karim Dino of the Pakistan National Alliance (PNA), who received 1,294 votes, according to detailed election results from Election Pakistani. Despite the assembly’s brief tenure from March 30 to July 5, 1977, due to martial law, Dr. Musavi made significant contributions. He secured funding for health centers and maternity homes in villages like Dodanko, Vinjhko, Dulharo, and Patni. His efforts also included water supply systems for Old Nara, Khari, and Achhi Kobi, village electrification in Abijano, Bhit Noor Shah, and Kandri, and land revenue remission for flood-affected areas like Kalri and Akberpur. He proposed the "Nara Highway" to enhance regional connectivity, sanctioned the Rohri Filter Plant, shifted the Rohri-Kandhra road to the Highway Department, and supported a fish breeding firm in Mandodero. His unblemished character earned him a place among the few cleared in the government’s initial list post-dissolution, reflecting his integrity.

• Water Supply: Sanctioned for Old Nara, Khari, and Achhi Kobi.
• Village Electrification: Implemented in Abijano, Bhit Noor Shah, and Kandri, among others.
• Land Revenue Remission: Granted to flood-affected areas like Kalri and Akberpur.
• Road and Drainage Projects: Upgraded the Rohri-Kandhra road and initiated the East Khairpur Title Drainage Scheme.

His efforts also included closing the abandoned Umercus regulator to protect Rohri from flood damage and sanctioning a fish breeding firm in Mandodero. Dr. Musavi proposed the “Nara Highway,” a strategic road to connect isolated regions, though its implementation status remains unclear.

Social Work and Community Leadership

Dr. Musavi’s social contributions are perhaps most notable during the 1976 floods in Sindh, a period of significant hardship for the region. He organized relief camps, providing free medical aid, treatment, and shelter to thousands of flood victims across villages like Neh Takar (7,000 people), Bhit Noor Shah (1,600 people), and Dodanko (6,500 people). His collaboration with the Hilal-e-Ahmar Society of Pakistan led to the establishment of model villages and housing schemes in areas such as Ali Wahan, Patni, and Ghazi Abad, offering permanent solutions for displaced families.

Education was another focus of his social work. Dr. Musavi initiated the establishment of the first girls’ school in Kandhra, a significant step toward gender equality in education. He held leadership roles in several organizations, including:

• President, Social Service Society, Rohri
• Director, Community Service, Rotary Club, Sukkur
• President, Anjman Hyderia, Rohri
• Trustee, Imambargah Musavi Shafquat Hussain Trust, Rohri
• President, Education Society, Sukkur

These roles reflect his commitment to community development and social welfare.

Family Legacy

The Musavi family’s contributions extend beyond Dr. Musavi’s efforts. His uncle, Syed Atta Hussain Shah Musavi, founded the "Government Atta Hussain Shah Musavi Degree College" in Rohri in 1964 (Govt. Atta Hussain), a key educational institution in the region. Another uncle, Syed Abdul Hussain Shah Musavi, established the "Abdul Hussain Shah Musavi Oriental College" in Sukkur and was a noted Sindhi literature writer. His father and brother also played significant roles in education and politics, reinforcing the family’s legacy of service.

Conclusion

Dr. Sayed Akbar Hussain Shah Musavi’s life embodies the spirit of service, blending medical expertise, political advocacy, and social good. From providing healthcare in rural Kandhra to championing infrastructure projects in the Sindh Assembly and leading flood relief efforts, his contributions have transformed lives in Rohri and Sukkur. His family’s legacy, rooted in education and literature, continues to inspire. This biography, crafted with original content and optimized for search engines, aims to share his story with a global audience.

References

Personal records provided by the Musavi family.

List of members of the 6th Provincial Assembly of Sindh.

List of floods in Pakistan.

PS 5 Sukkur General Election 1977 Result

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Master Hari Singh Dungarmal: The Pioneer of Sindhi Literature and Arya Samaj in Sukkur

Introduction

Master Hari Singh Dungarmal - Arya Samaj Leader & Sindhi Publisher

Master Hari Singh Dungarmal (1857–1917) stands as a towering figure in Sukkur’s cultural and literary history. A staunch Arya Samajist, educator, and pioneer of Sindhi book printing, his contributions laid the groundwork for Sindhi literary and social reform...

Early Life and Role in Arya Samaj

Born in 1857, Hari Singh began his career as a Sindhi-language teacher in Sukkur’s education department. His dedication to social reform led him to the Arya Samaj, a Hindu reform movement advocating Vedic principles...

Pioneering Sindhi Book Printing

In 1888, Hari Singh founded Sukkur’s first bookstore, marking the dawn of Sindhi-language publishing in the region. His press printed religious, educational, and literary works, including Vedic texts and Arya Samaj literature...

Legacy in Sindhi Literature

Hari Singh’s contributions earned him recognition in historical texts like Sindh Ji Hindun Ji Tareekh and works by Rahimdad Molai Sheedai. Later presses like Hans Raj Press and Tilak Press built on his foundation...

Commemorative Stamp of Hari Singh Dungarmal - Sindhi Publishing Pioneer

References

1. Sukkur Sunehra (Local Historical Text)
2. Tareekh-e-Sukkur (History of Sukkur)
3. Sindh Ji Hindun Ji Tareekh by Kaku Bherumal Meharchand Advani
4. Shikarpur: A City, A Civilization
5. History of Sindhi Prose
6. Sayed Imdad Hussain Shah Rizvi. (2025). Personal communication

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Historical Figures, Sindhi Publishers, Cultural Heritage

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