The Persian Inscription on Mir Masum Shah's Minaret in Sukkur: A Glimpse into Mughal History
Introduction
In the heart of Sukkur, Pakistan, stands a remarkable monument from the Mughal era: the minaret of Mir Masum Shah. This towering structure, known locally as Masum Shah jo Minaro, is not only a testament to the architectural prowess of its time but also bears a Persian inscription that offers profound insights into the history and culture of 16th-century Sindh. This article delves into the story behind this minaret, exploring the life of Mir Masum Shah, the construction of the monument, and the significance of the poetic inscription that adorns its entrance, providing a window into the Mughal legacy in the region.
The Life and Legacy of Mir Masum Shah
Mir Muhammad Masum Shah, also known as Syed Nizamuddin Mir Muhammad Masum Shah, was a prominent figure of the 16th century, born on February 7, 1538, in Sukkur-Bhakkar, Sindh. A multifaceted individual, he was a scholar, poet, calligrapher, historian, and soldier. Under his pen name, Nami, he authored the Tarikh-e-Masumi, a significant historical account of Sindh compiled in 1600 AD, which remains a valuable resource for understanding the region’s past Wikipedia: Masum Shah.
His contributions extended beyond academia. As a trusted lieutenant of Mughal Emperor Akbar, Mir Masum led military campaigns, notably annexing Baluchistan into the Mughal Empire around 1595. His service earned him large land grants (jagirs) in Sukkur, and in 1598, he was appointed governor of Sindh and Sibi. In 1606, Emperor Jahangir honored him with the title Amin-ul-Mulk, recognizing his exemplary qualities Heritage EFT Sindh. Mir Masum’s death on April 4, 1606, in Sukkur marked the end of a remarkable life, but his legacy lived on through his son, Mir Buzurg, and the minaret he envisioned.
The Minaret: A Mughal Architectural Marvel
The minaret of Mir Masum Shah is one of the most outstanding monuments in Sukkur, comparable to Mughal structures in Delhi, Ahmadabad, and Daulatabad Sindh Culture Department. Constructed from burnt bricks, it stands approximately 100 feet (30 meters) tall with a base circumference of about 84 feet (26 meters). The structure features 84 steps leading to a dome at the top, accessible via an internal staircase, offering a magnificent view of the surrounding area.
Historical records present some discrepancies regarding the construction timeline. Local accounts suggest the minaret’s construction began in 1593 and was completed in 1607, with Mir Buzurg overseeing its completion after his father’s death in 1606. However, some sources indicate the project started in 1595 and was finished in 1618, possibly due to confusion with the Islamic calendar (1018 AH ≈ 1609 AD) Sindh Culture Department. The 1593–1607 timeline aligns with Mir Masum’s lifetime and is supported by local historian Imdad Hussain Shah, making it the more widely accepted timeframe.
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Height | Approximately 100 feet (30 meters) |
| Base Circumference | Approximately 84 feet (26 meters) |
| Construction Start | 1593 or 1595 AD |
| Construction Completion | 1607 AD (some sources suggest 1618, likely a misinterpretation of 1018 AH) |
| Material | Burnt bricks with lime mortar |
| Steps to Top | 84 |
The minaret’s conical shape, slightly off the perpendicular, and its dome-topped design suggest it may have served as a watchtower, in addition to its commemorative purpose Heritage EFT Sindh.
The Persian Inscription: A Poetic Tribute
At the entrance of the minaret, an oblong stone slab bears a Persian inscription, written in the Arabic script common to Persian texts of the Mughal era. This inscription, as translated by local historian Imdad Hussain Shah, provides both historical details and a poetic tribute to Mir Masum Shah:
This minaret was built during the time of Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar Badshah Ghazi. Mir Ma’sum, who is like the fourteenth moon in the sky, is famous in the world for his good name. He had this tall minaret built so that it raises its head towards the blue sky and asks the angels from the throne about the date of its construction. It is famous worldwide, overlooking the times. Mir Ma’sum, who is highly respected, his sacrifices are beyond the law. This minaret was built so that people say it is a memorial of the past (or for future generations). Someone in the sky said, it is the leg of the great throne (or it is the support). The composer of this poem is Mir Buzurg son of Mir Ma’sum.
The inscription highlights the minaret’s construction during Akbar’s reign, emphasizing Mir Masum’s esteemed reputation and the monument’s enduring legacy. The poetic imagery, comparing Mir Masum to the “fourteenth moon” and the minaret to a structure reaching the heavens, reflects the Mughal tradition of blending architecture with literary art. The mention of Mir Buzurg as the composer suggests his role in both completing the minaret and immortalizing his father’s vision through poetry.
Legacy and Current Status
Today, Mir Masum Shah’s minaret remains a cherished landmark in Sukkur, symbolizing the city’s Mughal heritage. Located on a hill, it offers panoramic views and attracts tourists and historians alike. Adjacent to the minaret are the graves of Mir Masum, his father Mir Safai, and other family members, housed under open stone canopies adorned with Persian inscriptions and Quranic verses. These canopies feature intricate stalactite designs and decorative tracery, further showcasing Mughal craftsmanship Sindh Culture Department.
The site is managed by the Government of Pakistan, with efforts to preserve its historical integrity. The minaret and its surroundings remain under the stewardship of the Masumi family, though the government oversees its maintenance Heritage EFT Sindh. Visitors can explore the minaret and nearby shrines, such as Faiz Mahal, gaining a deeper appreciation for Sukkur’s role in Mughal history.
Conclusion
The Persian inscription on Mir Masum Shah’s minaret is more than a decorative element; it is a historical and cultural artifact that encapsulates the legacy of a remarkable individual and the grandeur of the Mughal era. Through its poetic verses, we glimpse the reverence for knowledge, the importance of legacy, and the artistic sensibilities that defined 16th-century Sindh. As a enduring symbol of Sukkur’s heritage, the minaret continues to inspire awe and curiosity, inviting us to connect with the past and appreciate the enduring impact of history.
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Post: Sayed Sajjad Hussain Musavi
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