The Unique Architecture of Rohri: Adapting to the Hot Climate
Rohri, a historic city in Pakistan, is celebrated for its remarkable architectural heritage, shaped by the region's intense heat. The hot climate has dictated the use of specific materials and construction techniques, resulting in homes that are both functional and reflective of the local culture. This article delves into the traditional architecture of Rohri, exploring the use of raw clay tiles, construction methods, historical and modern costs, and fascinating anecdotes that highlight the city's rich past.
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| Then and Now |
Traditional Construction Techniques
Due to Rohri's scorching climate, residents traditionally opted for houses made with raw clay tiles. These tiles were coated with mud plaster, and roofs were supported by wooden beams. In some cases, lime plaster was used to improve longevity. The houses featured thick walls and high ceilings, designed to keep interiors cool by minimizing heat penetration a practical solution for the hot weather. Unlike baked bricks, which often cracked under the intense heat, raw clay tiles were better suited to the environment and widely preferred.
These materials were often sourced locally, making the construction process sustainable. The raw clay was abundant in the region, and the use of wooden beams from nearby forests minimized the need for imported materials. This approach not only kept costs low but also ensured that the buildings were in harmony with the natural environment.
Construction Costs: Then and Now
The affordability of raw clay tiles made them a staple in Rohri's architecture. Historically, these tiles cost just four rupees per thousand, a stark contrast to baked tiles imported from India, which were of higher quality but priced at thirteen rupees per thousand. Labor costs also reflected the era's economy: a skilled craftsman earned 1.4 rupees (four annas) per day, while a laborer received 0.6 rupees (six annas).
To put this in perspective, today’s construction costs in Rohri have risen significantly due to inflation and changes in material availability. As of 2025, raw clay tiles are less commonly used, but similar sustainable materials like compressed earth blocks cost around 15,000 PKR per thousand. Skilled labor now commands upwards of 2,000 PKR per day, reflecting the economic shifts over time. Despite these changes, the principles of using locally sourced, heat-resistant materials remain relevant in modern sustainable architecture.
A Historical Anecdote: The Covered Market Building
One captivating story from Rohri's architectural history centers on a building in the city's covered market. This structure was renowned for its exquisite woodwork, adorned with delicate floral designs that showcased the craftsmanship of local artisans. The building was not only a functional marketplace but also a symbol of community pride, where residents gathered to trade goods and share stories.
Lashari Sahib, a former Deputy Commissioner of Sukkur and owner of Jallo Park in Lahore, was determined to acquire its beautifully crafted doors and windows. Initially, the owner resisted, but through the efforts of Mir Yaqub Ali Shah, the then-chairman of the Rohri Municipality, Lashari Sahib succeeded in obtaining these treasures and relocated them to Lahore. Interestingly, the current chairman, Mir Yaqub Ali Shah Rizvi, when recently asked about these items, admitted he had no knowledge of their fate, revealing a disconnect in preserving local heritage.
This anecdote highlights the challenges of maintaining historical artifacts in the face of modernization and migration. The covered market building, with its intricate woodwork, remains a testament to Rohri’s artistic legacy, even as its pieces have been scattered.
Another Architectural Gem: The Migrant Family’s Door
In 1984, Lashari Sahib purchased another intricately designed door from a migrant family in Rohri for 60,000 rupees, facilitated by the author Imdad Hussain Shah Rizvi. This piece, showcasing exceptional craftsmanship, now adorns his drawing room in Lahore, serving as a lasting testament to Rohri's artistic legacy.
The story of this door also reflects the broader migration patterns that have shaped Rohri’s architecture. Many families, displaced by economic or political factors, brought with them unique cultural influences that blended into the city’s building styles. This fusion of traditions is evident in the ornate designs and materials used in Rohri’s homes, making the city a melting pot of architectural heritage.
Conclusion
The architecture of Rohri is a blend of practicality and beauty, tailored to its hot climate and enriched by stories of cultural significance. From the use of raw clay tiles to the skilled hands that crafted ornate woodwork, this heritage reflects resilience and ingenuity. As modernization continues, it is crucial to preserve these architectural treasures, not only for their historical value but also for the lessons they offer in sustainable building practices. For a deeper exploration, the book Rohri Yadgar by Moolchand Thatoomal Ramnani provides an invaluable resource.
Reference
Post: Sayed Sajjad Hussain Musavi
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